Studied by 1 personFifteenth Amendment
Prohibits voting rights denial based on race
Seventeenth Amendment
Enables direct election of Senators
Nineteenth Amendment
Grants women the right to vote
Twenty-Fourth Amendment:
Federal poll taxes illegal
Twenty-Sixth Amendment:
lowered the voting age to 18
Rational choice
Voting based on individual interest
Retrospective voting
Voting based on past performance
Prospective voting
Voting based on future predictions
Party-line voting
Supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices at the same level of government
Structural barriers
Obstacles to voter registration and voting
Political efficacy
Belief in vote influence on policies
Voter Turnout
Predicted by barriers, efficacy, and demographics
Interest groups
Facilitate citizen participation in government
Media
A linkage institution for policy communication
Party platforms
Main goals of a political party if elected
Candidate recruitment
Seeking candidates for party success
Campaign management
Organizing strategies for party success
Third Party Politics
Third parties are the minor parties (not Democrats and Republicans) who tend to not win national elections. Barriers to their success are our electoral system, media coverage, fundraising, and how the two major parties can incorporate their platforms
Iron triangles
Mutually beneficial relationships in politics
Issue Networks
Groups formed around specific policy issues
Lobbying
Seeking influence on public officials
Free rider problem
Benefiting from group actions without contribution
Interest group influence
Impacted by resource inequality and access
Groups Influencing Policy Outcomes
Impact policy through lobbying, electioneering, etc.
Electioneering
Engaging in activities to influence elections
Litigation
Resolving disputes through legal action
Going public
Transitioning from private to public ownership
Single issue groups
Single-issue groups, ideological/social movements, and protest movements form with the goal of impacting society and policy making. Success of these groups might
depend on many different factors.
Incumbency advantage phenomenon
Current officeholders' increased likelihood of re
Closed primaries
Primary elections limited to registered party members
Open primaries
Primary elections open to all voters, regardless of party affiliation
Caucuses
Meetings where party members choose nominees after discussions
Party conventions
Meetings to select party candidates and vote on policies
General (presidential) elections
National elections held every four years to elect the President
Electoral College
Group of electors that formally vote for the U.S. President
Swing States or Battleground states
States that can go either way during general elections
Incumbents
Current officeholders running for re
Gerrymandering
Manipulating electoral boundaries to favor a party
Casework
Assisting constituents with specific issues or services
Midterm elections
Elections held in the middle of a President's term
House of Representatives
Chamber of Congress with members elected every 2 years
Senators
Members of Congress with 6 year terms
Professional consultants
Experts hired to advise on campaign strategies
Campaign Finance
Regulations and laws governing political campaign funding
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
Legislation aimed at banning soft money in campaigns
Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
Supreme Court case allowing political spending as free speech
PACs
Organizations raising money to support political causes
SuperPACs
Groups raising unlimited funds independently to support candidates
Gatekeeper
Media's role in setting the political agenda
Investigative journalism
Deep, original investigation on a specific topic, often conducted over a long period of time and sometimes involving the exposure of secret information.
Horse Race journalism
Focus on polling results rather than policy in reporting
Media consolidation
Few large companies owning the majority of news sources
Narrowcasting
Targeting media content to specific audiences
Note
Flashcard