"Moving Foward" - Life in Antebellum America

Charles Goodyear

vulcanization of rubber

Eli Whitney

cotton gin

Cyrus McCormick

reaper

James Forten

sails

IM Singer

improved sewing machine

Samuel Slater

textile factories

John Deere

steal plow

Dewitt Clinton

erie canal

Elias Howe

original sewing machine

Samuel FB Morse

telegraph

Robert Fulton

steam boat

Benjamin Bannecker

mapped out washing DC

What did the Industrial Revolution do?

changed the way goods were produced

What did the Market Revolution do?

people bought and sold specialized goods

What did Francis Cabot Lowell try to do?

create kinder and gentler factories for women

Transportation Revolution

nation road and railroad

What did the invention of the cotton gin do?

transformed southern agriculture and norther textile production

What did specialization do?

opportunity away from the farm

What happened for some people during the industrial revolution?

the standard of living went up for the average american and life improved for most people

What did the Industrial Revolution lead to?

americans recognizing social issues

What did the Industrial Revolution cause?

americans to have more money and time

What is a reform?

a change for the better or a greater cause

What is a reformer?

someone who recognizes faults that need to be fixed

Why were reformers so prevalent during this time?

more money, time, and ability to address problems

What did factories and inventions cause?

problems

What did the cotton gin cause to increase?

slavery

What did factories cause?

harsh working conditions

What were utopian societies?

small communities that supported common ideals

What did the members of utopian societies work for?

religious belief or social desires

Why were utopian societies so prevalent during this time?

americans seeking god and the removing of social problems

Why did all utopian societies fail?

ideal perfection is impossible to achieve

What was the Second Great Awakening?

religious revival claiming that social reforms can help a person achieve salvation

What was unitarianism?

reasoned response to revivalism

What was transcendentalism?

emphasis on simple life and individualism

What were reformers attempting to do?

reformers attempted to bring good times to more people

What were workers attempting to do?

workers attempted to unionize for better working conditions

When the debate on slavery was recognized, what did this lead to?

calls for abolition and immediate emancipation

What did women do?

challenged the cult of domesticity

What did the Seneca Falls convention bring?

the declaration of sentiments

Who believed that America can’t move forward until slaves are emancipated and the constitution is reformed?

Fredrick Douglas

Who believed that America couldn’t move forward until the mentally ill were treated humanly and kept in better living conditions?

Dorthea Dix

What thought that America couldn’t move forward until women were given equal rights and the constitution is reformed?

The Seneca Falls Convention

Who believed that America couldn’t move forward until idealist thoughts such as self-reliance and finding truth in nature were accepted in society?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

What major even occurred to help faster change and boom in the American economy?

the industrial revolution

Where did Samuel Slater open the first textile mill in America?

pawtucket, rhode island

How did the industrial revolution change the way products were produced?

products that were once made at home were now being mass produced in factories

Negative results at textile mills

exhausting work hours, little resting time, low pay

Who were the early factory workers in the 19th century?

women and children

Where did women gather to write the declaration of sentiments?

seneca falls, new york state

How did the public react to the declaration of sentiments?

criticism and backlash

former slave who joined the women’s movement and argued for equal rights; abolitionist

sojourner truth

Who believed that America couldn’t move forward until slaves were emancipated?

william lloyd garrison

Who said that America couldn’t move forward until people took action on their individual responsibility to seek salvation with god?

charles finney

Who said that America couldn’t move forward until public schools were reformed with teacher training programs and curriculums?

horace mann

this woman and her husband gathered their seven children, their household belongings, and headed for oregon; she gave birth during this journey?

amelia stewart knight

Why did Americans expand westward?

economic opportunities

What was the primary reason Americans expanded west?

land

What were other reasons Americans expanded west?

new markets, resources, connect trade to asia, manifest destiny

What was Manifest Destiny?

belief that america was destined from god to expand and control

What American culture was spread into the West?

religion, democracy, slavery

opened northwest and santa fe southwest

oregon trail

What was discovered that made California a desired destination?

gold

What were the miners called?

49ers

What religious group fled from religious persecution to Utah?

mormons

Native Americans oppose American movement through old northwest

black hawk war

With what country did problems turn into war with America?

mexico

settled with England along the 49th parallel

oregan boundary

What promoted Americans to move west?

manifest destiny

Which Native chief led a rebellion that was quelled by Illinois militia?

black hawk

Forced Natives to move into the great plains

indian removal act

Established the great plains as Native American territory and provided safe passage for white settlers moving west

the treaty of fort laramie

Who encouraged American farmers to settle in Texas?

the mexican government

Who led a rebellion against Mexican authorities under president Santa Anna?

Stephan Austin

Resistance effort by a small group of determined fighters for Texan independence

the alamo

What battle won Texans independence from Mexico?

the battle of san jacinto

What was Texas known for the nine years it wasn’t part of the union?

the lone star republic

Who called for the United States government to annex Texas?

Sam Houston

Who started war with Mexico for benefit of the United States?

president james k polk

This made the Rio Grande the Texas border and gave New Mexico and California to the United States?

the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

How was Manifest Destiny fulfilled?

when the once mexican territories were now part of the united states

How did factory production change American manufacturing?

cutting costs and production time of products

What factors contributed to the deteriorating working conditions at Lowell?

extreme heat, difficult to breath, strict rules

What caused American workers’ wages to decrease?

the influx of new immigrants from germany and ireland

What attitudes are shown for women and children throughout work patterns in the 19th century?

neglect and disregard

emerged as a key source of income in new england and mid-atlantic cities

manufacturing

ended “putting out” system

lowell mills’ power looms

funded internal improvements

the american system

What did the erie canal and national road do?

connected specialized economic regions

government supported infant industries

tariff of 1616

What did factories provide?

steady work and income

What replaced skilled craftsmen?

factory work

What increased as workers arrived to take advantage of economic opportunity?

irish immigration

why was St. Augustine church burned?

nativism

the major change in the US economy produced by people’s beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves

market revolution

belief that the US would inevitably expand westward to the pacific ocean and into the mexican territory

manifest destiny

a philosophical and literacy movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination

transcendentalism

social and political movement that sought to end the practice of slavery and promote the rights of enslaved people

abolitionism

treaty that required the sioux to live on a reservation along the missouri river

treaty of fort laramie

religious movement that emphasized the oneness of god and the worth of all people; each individual had the ability to reason and was characterized by a commitment to social justice

unitarianism

unitarian minister who was known for his emphasis on reason, individual thought, and an advocate for reform

william channing