Final week 12 proprioception

what is the Vestibular system made up of?

Made up of 5 organs: 3 semicircular canals and 2 otolith organs

what is this area?

vestibular system

what does the Vestibular system do?

Allows for the sense of spatial orientation by detecting:

• Tilt

• Angular motion

• Linear motion

what reflect counterrotates our eyes to compensate for head movement?

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

what is this inside the canals that is enriched in K+ ions?

what’s in the box

The ampula

what are these in the Vestibular system

Vestibular mechanoreceptros!

Hair cells in opposite ears respond to movement in what kind of fashion?

complementary fashion. try to understand diagram.

what do Otolith organs allow for?

sensation of linear acceleration, tilt, and gravity

what are the arrows pointing to?

the otolith organs.

Detection of mostly planar, shearing forces occurs where/

macula

what are these on the otolith membrane and what do they do?

Calcium carbonate crystals – added weight to aid the otolithic membrane shift with static tilt… gravity!

Ascending pathways project to multiple brain regions associated with various behaviors relying on vestibular information. what are some?

Vestibular system disease example

Ménière’s Disease: Build up of endolymph fluid in inner ear – affects vestibular AND auditory systems!

Symptoms include:

• vertigo, tinnitus, loss or muffled hearing, loss of low frequency hearing, pressure, loss of balance

what is Musculoskeletal positioning?

Proprioceptive mechanism allowing for detection of body’s position and movement in space. (Sense of tension or force and of the effort exerted by acting muscles)

Maintaining balance requires what stimuli?

proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual stimuli!

How does the Nervous System (NS) know how much, or if a muscle is contracted or relaxed?

Stretch receptors

what is this? its used for Musculoskeletal positioning

muscle spindle

identify this. It is used for Musculoskeletal positioning.

Golgi tendon organ.GTO

what are GTO’s good at detecting?

GTOs are primarily sensitive to muscle tension rather than changes in muscle length

What do muscle spindles primarily detect?

changes in muscle length

what is the muscle spindle wrapped in?

The primary sensory organ.

what do the muscle spindle and golgi tendon organ do?

tell your nervous system where your skeleton is

where does the GTO live and what does it detect?

lives in the connective tiisue between muscle and bone. and detects contractions.

when and why does the muscle spindle lose action potential?

When muscle contracts because it gets too lose?

what does the GTO measure exactly?

How squished the muscle gets, firing accordingly.

what happens when the alpha motor neuron is stimulated and what about if both alpha and gamma are?

la response ceases and is maintained if both.