NSG2525 Peds - Drugs used in respiratory distress

Bronchodilators - xanthine derivatives and beta agonists

What bronchodilators medications are divided into two different different categories and what are the categories

Oral or inhalation route

Bronchodilators may be administered how?

Xanthines

Examples of what are Theophylline (Aminophyllin, Bronchodyl, Elixophyllin, SloBid, Theodore, Theo-24, Quibron T, Uriphyl)

Palpitations, nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, chest pain, convulsions.

What are the side effects of Xanthines

Cimetidine (Tagamet), Allopurinol, Oral Contraceptives, Flu Vaccine, or large amounts of caffeine.

Drug to drug interactions - Theophyllines should not be used with?

Should not be crushed or chewed

Some Xanthines come in time released preparations and should not be what?

Beta agonist act on the beta2adrenergic receptors located in the lungs to dilate airway

How do Beta Agonists work?

Beta Agonists - Bronchospasmolytics

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin), Epinephrine ( Adrenalin, Primatene, Bronkaid, Bronitin) are examples of what type of medications?

Beta Agonists - Bronchospasmolytics

Side effects including insomnia, jitteriness, restlessness, palpitations, and chest pain are for what type of meds?

Decongestants

What type of meds consist of adrenergics and topical corticosteroids?

Adrenergics - Decongestants

What type of medications work by constricting the small blood vessels in the upper respiratory tract. As blood vessels constrict, nasal secretions are better able to drain.

Adrenergics - Decongestants

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), Ephedrine (Vicks, Vatornol) are examples of which type of meds?

Nasal steriods

What type of adrenergics have an anti-inflammatory effect on nasal passageways?

Nasal Steriods

Beclomethasone (Beconase, Vancenase), Dexamethasone (Decadron), and Flunisolide (Nasalide) are examples od what meds?

Result in a rebound effect in that congestion may result and conditions be exacerbated.

Prolonged use of topical andrenergics and corticosteroids can have what result?

Adrenergic

Side effects of what type of mediation include nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, and tremors?

Nasal Steroids

Side effects of what medication include local mucosal irritation and dryness?

Expectorants

What medication loosens and thins respiratory secretions?

Expectorants

What type of medications are Guaifenesin - most common OTC drug (Robitussin, Humabid)

Expectorants

Side effects including palpitations, insomnia, restlessness and nervousness for what type of meds?

Expectorants

With what type of medications should pt to report fever and force fluids to keep secretions thin?

Anti-Inflammatory - Corticosteroids

Prednisolone (Solu Medrol) Prednisone, (Pediapred), Dexamethasone (Decadron) are example of what type of medications?

Anti-Inflammatory - Corticosteroids

Side effects of convulsions, headache, mood swings, CHF, hypertension, growth suppression, peptic ulcers, muscle weakness, decreased immune response, and masks infections are of what type of medications.

Antitussives

What type of medication have a direct action on the cough center in the medulla?

Narcotic and non-narcotic

2 types of antitussives are?

Narcotic

What type of antitussive contain codeine or hydrocodone (Dimetane DC, Robitussin A-C)

Non-Narcotic

What type of antitussive contain Dextramethorphan (Vicks 44, Robitussin DM)

Antitussives

Side effects including drowsiness, dizziness are in what type of medication?

Antitussives

Which medication should pts watch intake of alcohol when taking?

After taking liquid, lozenges, or chewable tablets.

Pts should not drink liquids for 30 minutes after taking medications which way?

Antihistamine

Which type of medications block the action of histamine?

Oral Antihistamines

What type of medications are Dipenhydramine (Benadryl). Terfenadine (Seldane), Laratadine (Claritin)

Inhaler Antihistamines

What type of medication is Cromolyn?

Antihistamines

What type of medication causes sedation?

Antihistamines

What type of medications should not be taken with other CNS depressants?

Antipyretics

Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are examples of what type of medication?

Give correct dose for age and weight

Pediatric concerns for antipyretics

Antimicrobials - PCN and Cephalosporins

Which type of medications is bacteriocidal - inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Ampicillin, Nafcillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin

What are examples of PCNs

Whatch for hypersensitivity reactions

What is pt teaching for PCNs

Ceclor, Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol), Cephalexin (Keflex), Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

What are examples of Cephalosporins

Antimicrobials - Sulfonamides and Tetracyclines

Which type of medications are bacteriostatic - inhibit the growth of bacteria

Sulfonamides

Which antimicrobial is especially useful for the treatment of UTIs.

Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Azo-Gantanol). Sulfasoxazole (Pediazole, Gantrisin)

Examples of sulfonamides

Increase fluid intake and avoid Vitamin C and Aspirin as they interact with sulfonamides. May cause photosensitivity

Pt teaching regarding Sulfonamides