C++ Programming: Program design including data structures - Chapter 2

A C++ program is a collection of \________.

functions

Every C++ program has a function called \____.

main

A single-line comment starts with the pair of symbols \__ anywhere in the line.

//

Multi-line comments are enclosed between \__ and __.

/*,*/

True or False:

The compiler ignores comments.

true

\________ words cannot be used as identifiers in a program.

reserved

True or False:

All reserved words in C++ consist of lowercase letters.

true

In C++, \___________ are names of things.

identifiers

A C++ \__________ consists of letters, digits, and underscores and must begin with a letter or an underscore.

identifier

\_________ include blanks, tabs, and newline characters.

Whitespaces

A \____ \____ is a set of values together with a set of allowed operations.

data type

C++ data types fall into the following three categories: \______, \__________, and \_______.

simple, structured, pointers

There are three categories of simple data: \________, \________-\_____, and \___________.

integral, floating-point, and enumeration.

Integral data types are classified into the following categories: c\___, s\____, i__, l\___, b\___, unsigned c\___, unsigned s\____, unsigned i__, unsigned l\___, l\___ l\___, and unsigned l\___ l\___.

char, short, int, long, bool, unsigned char, unsigned short, unsigned int, unsigned long, long long, unsigned long long

The values belonging to int data type are -2,147,483,648 or -2^31 to 2,147,483,647 or \____.

2^31

The data type \____ has only two values: true and false

bool

The most common character sets are ASCII, which has 128 values, and \______ which has 256 values.

EBCDIC

The ________ _______ of a character is its preset number in the character data set.

collating sequence

C++ provides three data types to manipulate decimal numbers: ___*, _*__*, and ___ _*___.

float, double, long double

The data type \_____ is used in C++ to represent any real number between -3.4 * 10^38 and 3.4 * 10^38

float

The data type \______ is used in C++ to represent any real number between -1.7 * 10^308 and 1.7 * 10^308. The memory allocated for a value of this data type is eight bytes.

double

True or False:

The arithmetic operators in C++ are addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%).

true

The modulus operator, %, takes only \_______ operands.

integer

True or False:

Arithmetic expressions are evaluated using the precedence rules and the associativity of the arithmetic operators.

true

True or False:

All operands in an integral expression, or integer expression, are integers, and all operands in a floating-point expression are decimal numbers.

true

True or False:

A mixed expression is an expression that consists of both integers and decimal numbers.

true

True or False:

When evaluating an operator in an expression, an integer is converted to a floating-point number, with a decimal part of 0, only if the operator has mixed operands.

true

You can use the \____ operator to explicitly convert values from one data type to another.

cast

A \______ is a sequence of zero or more characters.

string

\_______ in C++ are enclosed in double quotation marks.

strings

True or False:

A string containing no characters is called a null or empty string.

true

Every character in a string has a relative position in the string. The position of the first character is \____, the position of the second character is 1, and so on.

zero, 0

The \______ of a string is the number of characters in it.

length

During program execution, the contents of a ____ _______ cannot be changed.

named constant

A named constant is declared by using the reserved word \_____.

const

True or False:

A named constant must be initialized when it is declared.

true

True or False:

All variables must be declared before they can be used.

true

True or False:

C++ does not automatically initialize variables.

true

True or False:

Every variable has a name, a value, a data type, and a size.

true

True or False:

When a new value is assigned to a variable, the old value is lost.

true

True or False:

Only an assignment statement or an input (read) statement can change the value of a variable.

true

In C++, >> is called the ____________________.

stream extraction operator

____ from the standard input device is accomplished by using cin and the stream extraction operator >>.

input

True or False:

When data is input in a program, the data items, such as numbers, are usually separated by blanks, lines, or tabs.

true

In C++, << is called the ____________________.

stream insertion operator

Output of the program to the standard output device is accomplished by using ___ and the stream insertion operator <

cout

The manipulator \____ positions the insertion point at the beginning of the next line on an output device.

endl

True or False

Outputting or accessing the value of a variable in an expression does not destroy or modify the contents of the variable.

true

The character _ is called the escape character.

\\

The sequence \__ is called the newline escape sequence.

\n

All preprocessor commands start with the symbol _.

\#

\#True or False

The preprocessor commands are processed by the preprocessor before the program goes through the compiler.

true

The preprocessor command #include instructs the preprocessor to include the header file _______ in the program.

iostream

True or False:

To use cin and cout, the program must include the header file iostream and either include the statement using namespace std; or refer to these identifiers as std::cin and std::cout.

true

All C++ statements end with a \_________. In C++, this symbol is called the statement terminator.

semicolon, ;

A C++ system has three components:

environment, language, and the standard libraries.

Standard libraries are not part of the C++ language. They contain \_________ to perform operations, such as mathematical operations.

functions

A file containing a C++ program usually ends with the extension .\___.

.cpp

True or False:

Prompt lines are executable statements that tell the user what to do.

true

Corresponding to the five arithmetic operators +, -, *, /, and %. C++ provides five compound operators: __, __, __, __, and __, respectively.

+\= -\= *\= /\= %\=