Apush 7.5 and 7.6

Palmer Raids

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations; 556 immigrants deported

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life; in the wake of the Russian Revolution

Abrams v. United States

(1919) , The court upheld the Sedition Act of four Russian immigrants who had printed pamphlets denouncing American military intervention in the Russian Revolution.

Schenck v. United States

A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

originally was the National Civil Liberties Bureau. an organization founded in 1920 to defend Americans' rights and freedoms as given in the Constitution

Bureau of Investigation

Later FBI, set up in 1924 under J Hoover and used tougher methods against corruption

Influenza Pandemic

1918 global outbreak of influenza, a highly contagious viral infection, killing as many as 50 million people worldwide; 675,000 Americans

Great Migration

movement of over 400,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Oliver Wendell Holmes

A justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1902 to 1932 who had the authority to prohibit individuals from using words that create danger for the country.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General who rounded up many suspects who were thought to be un-American and socialistic; he helped to increase the Red Scare

J. Edgar Hoover

The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigated and harassed alleged radicals.

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

Warren Harding

29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWI-peace, isolation); presidency was marred by scandal (wanted big business)

New Woman

term for sexually liberated woman, who defied traditional morality (flappers)

Lost Generation

A term used by the writer Gertrude Stein to describe the writers and artists disillusioned with the consumer culture of the 1920s.

New Negro

a term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

An association founded by Marcus Garvey that promoted black pride and black unity

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory; trial focused on their ethnicity and political views rather than facts

National Origins Act

Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration dramatically and, quite intentionally, almost eliminated immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.

Marcus Garvey

African American leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa

Louis Armstrong

Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

Langston Hughes

African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music

Zora Neale Hurston

African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance

A. Phillip Randolph

Black socialist leader who saw the UNIA as exploitive capitalism

Clarence Darrow

Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.

Sacco and Vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly; example of 1920s nativism.

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

Babe Ruth

"Home Run King" in baseball, provided an idol for young people and a figurehead for America

F. Scott Fitzgerald

wrote The Great Gatsby