Autonomic nervous system

What is ANS

Controls involuntary functions and has a motor and sensory components and has two sub divisions

Sympathetic division

Parasympathetic division

Sympathetic division

Fight or flight

Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion and stimulates sweat gland

Pregangoloinc neurons exit from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

Parasympathetic

Rest and digest

Maintains homeostasis during rest

Slows heart rate, constricts pupils, stimulates digestion, and promotes glandular secretion

Pregangolionic neurons exit from the crainiosacral region (brain stem)

Uses terminal ganglia close to target organ

Dual innervation

Most organs receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems with opposing effects

Preganglionic neurons

First neuron in the pathway, extends from CNS to automatic ganglia

Postganglionic neurons

Second neuron in the pathway extends from CNS to autonomic ganglia

Autonomic ganglia

Clusters of neurons where preganglionic and postalliongic neurons synapse

What are the functions of the automatic nervous system

It controls involuntary functions (heart rate, digestion, respiration, and glandular activity)

What structures are under the ANS

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Does ans include both sensory and motor components

Yes but it is primary focused on motor control

Where do the preganglionic sympathetic neuron exit the spinal cord

From the thoracolumnar region

What are the pathways for sympathetic nerouns

Spinal nerve root

Sympathetic nerve route

Splanchnic nerve route

Spinal nerve route

Inner stew sweat glands, piloerector muscles, and blood vessels

Sympathetic nerve routes

Innervate heart lungs and head structure

Splanchnic nerve route

Innervate abdominal and pelvic organs

What neuro transmitter do sympathetic neurons release

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic neurons exit the CNS

From brain stem and sacral spinal cord

Oculomotor

Eye muscles (ciliary ganglia)

Facial nerve

Salivary and lacrimal glands (submandibular and sphenopalatine ganglia)

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Parotid salivary gland (optic ganglia)

Vagus nerves

Thoracic and abdominal organs (terminal ganglia)

Pelvic nerves

Lower pelvic organs (terminal ganglia)

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic system use

Acetylcholine for both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

Fight or flight sympathetic responses

HR- increases

Pupil size- dilates

Digestion-inhibits

Blood flow- redirected to muscles

Glandular secretion- decreases (sweat)

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

HR:decreases

Pupil size-constricts

Digestion-stimulates

Blood flow- redirected to digestive organs

Glandular secretion -increases

Terminal ganglia location

Autonomic ganglia located near or within the walls of the target organs

Ciliary ganglia location

A small parasympathetic ganglion located behind the eye

Sphenopalatine ganglia location

A parasympathetic ganglion located behind the nasal cavity

Submandibukar ganglia location

A parasympathetic ganglion located near the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Optic ganglia location

A parasympathetic ganglion located near the ear

What does optic ganglia do

Stimulates the parotid gland to produce saliva

What does the submandibular ganglia do

Associates with facial nerve and controls salvia production

What does sphenopalatine ganglia do

Association with facial nerve and it stimulates lacrimal (tear) glands and nasal muscosa secretion

What does ciliary ganglia do

Associated with Oculomotor nerve and controls pupil constriction and lens accommodation

What does terminal ganglia do

Association with parasympathetic nervous system and is a site where preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons