Chapter 12 - DNA

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8 Terms

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DNA

  • (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Molecule that contains all of the information needed to build/operate an organism

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Antiparallel Strands

  • In DNA, the two strands are said to be antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions

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Transformation

  • process where one type of bacteria (the harmless form) has been changed permanently into another (the disease-causing form)

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Base pairing

  • the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine

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Nitrogenous Base

  • bases that contain nitrogen

    • Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

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DNA Replication

  • the process where a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to create two identical double-stranded DNA molecules

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Nucleotide

  • subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (48)

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DNA Polymerase

  • an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA

    • The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication