AP Human Geography - Unit 4

5.0(4)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/65

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Political Organization of Space

Geography

9th

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

66 Terms

1
New cards
Nation
a people who share a common heritage, are unified by shared values and heritage, and typically claim a specific location as their homeland based on tradition
2
New cards
State
synonymous with country
3
New cards
Nation-State
A singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state
4
New cards
Multinational State
a country that contains more than one nation
5
New cards
Stateless Nation
cultural groups that have no independent political entity
6
New cards
Multistate Nations
a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states
7
New cards
Autonomous Region
A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state
8
New cards
Fall of Communism
This has changed the balance of world power, including the formation of new states
9
New cards
Heartland Theory
Mackinder's theory that land based power was essential to world domination
10
New cards
Organic Theory
Ratzel's theory that states are living organisms, and they need living space and growth to not only survive but remain strong
11
New cards
Antecedent Boundary
a boundary created before an area is known or populated
12
New cards
Geometric Boundary
the 49th parallel is a good example of this
13
New cards
Militarized Boundary
the Berlin Wall is an example of this
14
New cards
Unitary State
states with this kind of government allow little to no power/sovereignty for their sub-units; most states of this kind are located in Europe
15
New cards
Territorial Sea
a state has sovereignty up to 12 miles off their coast; commercial vessels pass, non-commercial can be challenged
16
New cards
Territoriality
a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend space they claim
17
New cards
Federal State
states with this kind of government allow powers/sovereignty for their sub-units; examples would include Canada and the United States
18
New cards
EEZ
the 200 mile radius off the coast where a country has exclusive rights to harvest resources
19
New cards
Frontier
an area at the edge of any type of effective political control or at the edge of a settlement
20
New cards
Subsequent Boundary
a boundary created after settlement, usually meant to separate existing cultural groups
21
New cards
Natural Boundary
the Sadra River is an example of this
22
New cards
NAFTA
regional trade blocs that can challenge state sovereignty
23
New cards
Devolution
the process in which power moves from the central government to subnational units
24
New cards
Balkanization
the complete breaking up of a country
25
New cards
Subnationlist
people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity, rather than their central state
26
New cards
Centrifugal Forces
armed conflicts, uneven economic development, stateless nations, ethnic movements
27
New cards
Centripetal Forces
national identity; equitable infrastructure development; linguistic, cultural, ethnic homogeneity
28
New cards
Nationlism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
29
New cards
Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
30
New cards
Geopolitics
study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography
31
New cards
Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
32
New cards
State Morphology
study of states' shapes and their effects
33
New cards
Municipality
A city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government for local affairs.
34
New cards
Supranationalism
three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union)
35
New cards
Irredentism
a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country
36
New cards
Democratization
the process of creating a government elected by the people
37
New cards
Ethnic exclaves
an area populated by an ethnic group separated from the main territory occupied by the same ethnic group
38
New cards
Ethnic enclaves
neighborhoods where people from similar cultures live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group
39
New cards
Ethnic separatism
desired regional autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group within a larger, politically dominant culture
40
New cards
Terrorism
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
41
New cards
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
42
New cards
United Nations
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
43
New cards
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: intergovernmental oil demand supply market
44
New cards
Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
45
New cards
Redistricting
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
46
New cards
UNCLOS
A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.
47
New cards
Open Borders
An open border is a border that enables free movement of people between different jurisdictions with limited or no restrictions on movement.
48
New cards
Ethnographic Border
a cultural boundary that runs along differences in ethnicity, such as language and religion.
49
New cards
Superimposed Border
a political boundary/border placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape
50
New cards
Relic Boundary/Border
A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area (e.g. border between West and East Germany in Berlin)
51
New cards
Allocational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.
52
New cards
Operational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border
53
New cards
Locational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the location or place of a boundary
54
New cards
Definitional Boundary Dispute
focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
55
New cards
Defined Boundary
one established by a legal document, such as a treaty.
56
New cards
Demarcated Boundary
identified by physical objects place on the landscape, such as a sign, wall, or fence.
57
New cards
Administered Boundary
The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by a government
58
New cards
Internal Boundaries
physical, cultural, or geometric boundaries within a country (such as provinces or states)
59
New cards
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
60
New cards
Political Map
A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc. Each is normally a different color
61
New cards
Delimited Boundary
a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space
62
New cards
Communism
advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
63
New cards
Autonomy
the right or condition of self-government.
64
New cards
Agrarianism
a social or political movement designed to bring about land reforms or to improve the economic status of the farmer
65
New cards
Rimland theory
Spykman's theory that controlling key maritime areas of the world leads to world domination, as it provides varied resources, including the sea.
66
New cards
Maritime
Of, relating to, or bordering on the sea.