a people who share a common heritage, are unified by shared values and heritage, and typically claim a specific location as their homeland based on tradition
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State
synonymous with country
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Nation-State
A singular nation of people who fulfill the qualifications of a state
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Multinational State
a country that contains more than one nation
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Stateless Nation
cultural groups that have no independent political entity
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Multistate Nations
a nation has a state of its own but stretches across borders of other states
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Autonomous Region
A defined area within a state that has a high degree of self-government and freedom from its parent state
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Fall of Communism
This has changed the balance of world power, including the formation of new states
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Heartland Theory
Mackinder's theory that land based power was essential to world domination
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Organic Theory
Ratzel's theory that states are living organisms, and they need living space and growth to not only survive but remain strong
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Antecedent Boundary
a boundary created before an area is known or populated
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Geometric Boundary
the 49th parallel is a good example of this
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Militarized Boundary
the Berlin Wall is an example of this
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Unitary State
states with this kind of government allow little to no power/sovereignty for their sub-units; most states of this kind are located in Europe
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Territorial Sea
a state has sovereignty up to 12 miles off their coast; commercial vessels pass, non-commercial can be challenged
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Territoriality
a willingness by one person or a group of people to defend space they claim
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Federal State
states with this kind of government allow powers/sovereignty for their sub-units; examples would include Canada and the United States
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EEZ
the 200 mile radius off the coast where a country has exclusive rights to harvest resources
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Frontier
an area at the edge of any type of effective political control or at the edge of a settlement
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Subsequent Boundary
a boundary created after settlement, usually meant to separate existing cultural groups
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Natural Boundary
the Sadra River is an example of this
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NAFTA
regional trade blocs that can challenge state sovereignty
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Devolution
the process in which power moves from the central government to subnational units
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Balkanization
the complete breaking up of a country
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Subnationlist
people who have a primary allegiance to a traditional group or ethnicity, rather than their central state
national identity; equitable infrastructure development; linguistic, cultural, ethnic homogeneity
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Nationlism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
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Geopolitics
study of government and its policies as affected by physical geography
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Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
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State Morphology
study of states' shapes and their effects
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Municipality
A city, town, etc. having its own incorporated government for local affairs.
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Supranationalism
three or more countries agree to give up a degree of autonomy in order to pursue common goals. (ex. European Union)
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Irredentism
a policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of its nationals living in a neighboring country
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Democratization
the process of creating a government elected by the people
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Ethnic exclaves
an area populated by an ethnic group separated from the main territory occupied by the same ethnic group
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Ethnic enclaves
neighborhoods where people from similar cultures live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group
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Ethnic separatism
desired regional autonomy expressed by a culturally distinctive group within a larger, politically dominant culture
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Terrorism
the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.
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NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries
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United Nations
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
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OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: intergovernmental oil demand supply market
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Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
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Redistricting
The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.
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UNCLOS
A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones.
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Open Borders
An open border is a border that enables free movement of people between different jurisdictions with limited or no restrictions on movement.
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Ethnographic Border
a cultural boundary that runs along differences in ethnicity, such as language and religion.
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Superimposed Border
a political boundary/border placed by powerful outsiders on a developed human landscape
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Relic Boundary/Border
A boundary no longer observed but that still affects the present-day area (e.g. border between West and East Germany in Berlin)
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Allocational Boundary Dispute
A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region.
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Operational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the way a boundary should operate or function, such as the conflict over allowing migration across the border
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Locational Boundary Dispute
Conflict over the location or place of a boundary
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Definitional Boundary Dispute
focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement
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Defined Boundary
one established by a legal document, such as a treaty.
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Demarcated Boundary
identified by physical objects place on the landscape, such as a sign, wall, or fence.
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Administered Boundary
The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by a government
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Internal Boundaries
physical, cultural, or geometric boundaries within a country (such as provinces or states)
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Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
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Political Map
A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc. Each is normally a different color
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Delimited Boundary
a line drawn on a map to show the limits of a space
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Communism
advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
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Autonomy
the right or condition of self-government.
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Agrarianism
a social or political movement designed to bring about land reforms or to improve the economic status of the farmer
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Rimland theory
Spykman's theory that controlling key maritime areas of the world leads to world domination, as it provides varied resources, including the sea.
Studied by 182 people
