behaviour learning outcome 4

what is communication

the transfer of infomation from one or a group of animals that affects the current or future behaviour of one or more animals

what is true communication

natural selection acted on the sender and the receiver

what is infraspecific communication

infomation that is communicated between animals of the same species

what is interspecific communication

information that is communicated across animals of different species

what are the 4 main types of communication

visual, auditory, tactile and chemical

what are the 3 additional forms of communication

mutualism

deceit

manupiualtion - eavesdropping

what is mutualism

both species benefit from the communication

honey badger and guide birds - bird guide and badger opens hive for both

deceit - mimicry

debit occurs when signallers fitness increases at the expense of the receiver

manipulation - eavesdropping

occurs when the receiver obtains infomation about the signaller, against the signaller interest

why bro we study communication

helps scientists to study:

social hierarchies

agression and courtship displayes

bonding and parental care

predator prey interactions

cognitive studies and learning

emotions

examples of tactile communicaton

monkeys (macaque) grooming each other

examples of auditory communication

wolf howling

examples of chemical communication

skunk spray

examples of visual communication

peacock showing feathers

what is social behaviour

a variety of interactions that occur between 2 or more animals

types of social behaviour

hierarchies

maintaining dominie relatinships

agnostic behaviour

social bonding and affiliative behaviour

alturism

hierarchies

linear

triangular

despotic

coalition

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what is hierarchy

pecking order - animals at top dominate those below

linear hierarchies

animal a dominates animal b

animal b dominates c

example chickens

triangular complex hierarchies

animal a dominates animal b

animal b dominates animal c

animal c dominates animal d

animal d then dominates animal b

complex - order of the group can change depending on hunting and mating

example wolves

true complex hierarchies

seen in groups of animals that contain many members

difficult to record as individual may not interact with eahcother

several triangular relationships may exist

example ants

maintaining dominance

facial expressions

body postures

vocalisations

physical features and contact