Biomedical Terminology: Unit 4: Chapter 17

ENT

abbreviation of Ears, nose and throat

Accomodation

Normal adjustments of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

Anterior chamber

The area behind the cornea and in front of the lense and iris

Aqueous Humor

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber

Bioconvex

Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, lens of the eye is:

choroid

Middle vascular layer of the eye between the retina and sclera

Ciliary body

Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris, controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor

Cone

Receptor cell in retina that’s responsible for us seeing color

conjunctiva

delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball

Fovea Centralis

Tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearist vision

Fundus of the eye

posterior inner part of the eye

itis

pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye

Lens

Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye

Macula

Responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision; Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc

Optic chiasm

the point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

Optic Disk

the region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina; the blind spot

Optic nerve

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain

pupil

central opening of the eye surrounded by the iris through which light rays pass

Refraction

Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

Retina

Light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (contains rods and cons)

Rod

Receptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision

Sclera

Tough white outer coat of the eyeball

thalamus

relay center of the brain

Vitreous Humor

Soft jelly like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball

Astigmatism

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye; light bends in the middle if the eye

Hyperopia

Farsightedness (People who can see far) Light bends behind macula

Myopia

Nearsightedness (People who can see near) light bends in front of the retina and macula

aque/o

water (root)

blephar/o

eyelid (root)

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva (root)

cor/o pupill/o

pupil (root) (2)

Presbyopia

Impairment of vision due to old age reducing lens accommodation

Cycl/o

ciliary body (root)

Dacry/o

tears, tear duct (root)

ir/o irid/o

iris (2) (root)

Cataracts

Cloudiness of the eye

Diabetic retinopathy

Retinal effects caused by diabetes mellitus include: Microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, neovascularization

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure damages the retina and optic nerve (loss of peripheral vision)

Macular Degeneration

Progressive damage to the macular of the retina

Nystagmus

Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Strabismus

Abnormal deviation of the eye

Retinal Detachment

Two layers of the retina separate from each other

Photopsia

Bright flashes of light (type of retinal detachment)

Floaters

Vitreous clumps of retina (type of retinal detachment)

Keratoplasty

Surgical repair of the cornea

Scleral Buckle

Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over the detached portion of the retina

OD

Right eye; doctor or optometry (Abbreviation)

OS

Left eye (Abbreviation)

OU

Both eyes (Abbreviation)

Kerat/o

Cornea (root)

Lacrim/o

tears (root)

ocul/o opthalm/o

eye (root) (2)

Opt/o Optic/o

Eye, vision (2) (root)

palpebr/o

eyelid (root)

papill/o

optic disc (root)

phac/o phak/o

lens of the eye (root) (2)

Retin/o

retina (root)

scler/o

sclera (white of the eye) (root)

uve/o

uvea (root)

vitre/o

glassy (root)

ambly/o

dull, dim (root)

dipl/o

double (root)

glauc/o

gray (root)

mi/o

smaller, less

mydr/o

widen, enlarge (root)

nyct/o

night (root)

phot/o

light (root)

presby/o

old age (root)

scot/o

darkness (root)

xer/o

dry (root)

-opia -opsia

vision (2) (suffix)

-tropia

to turn (suffix)

Auditory canal

Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

auditory meatus

auditory canal

auditory nerve fibers

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain

auditory tube

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube

auricle

flap of the ear, protruding part of the external ear or pinna

cerumen

waxy substance secreted by the external ear, also called earwax

Cochlea

Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear

endolymph

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

eustachian tube

auditory tube

incus

second ossicle of the middle ear

labyrinth

maze like series of canals of the inner ear

malleus

first ossicle of the middle ear

organ of corti

Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

ossicle

small bone of the ear

oval window

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

Perilymph

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

Pinna

Auricle; flap of the ear

semicircular canals

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

Stapes

Third ossicle of the middle ear

tympanic membrane

membrane between the outer and middle ear, the eardrum

vestibule

Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea

acous/o audi/o audit/o

Hearing (root) (3)

aur/o auricul/o ot/o

ear (root) (3)

cochle/o

cochlea (root)

masoid/o

mastoid process (root)

Myring/o tyman/o

Eardrum, tympanic membrane (root) (2)

ossicul/o

ossicle (root)

salping/o

Eustachian tube (root)