Chapter 6- The skeletal system

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

provide framework for the body, produces blood cells, provides protection for organs, helps us breathe,acts as a warehouse for mineral storage, allows for movement

Are your bones alive?

yes

Describe long bones

longer then the with of the bone

describe short bones

Generally cube shaped, contain mostly spongy bones. Includes patella (knee cap), and bones of wrist and ankle.

describe flat bones

Thin, flat and usually curved, two thin layers of compact bones surrounds a layer of spongy bones

describe irregular bones

odd shaped bones used to connect

examples of long bones

humerus, femur. arm and leg

examples of short bones

carpals and tarsals, wrist and ankle

examples of flat bones

skull, ribs, sternum

examples of irregular bones

vertebrae and hip bones

What covers the outside of the bone?

periosteum

What are the ends of long bones called?

distal and proximal epiphysis

What is the area between the ends of the long bones called?

diaphysis

Name the hollow area inside the shaft of the long bone.

Medullary cavity

What is the function of the medullary cavity?

acts as a storage unit for bone marrow

What is the function of red bone marrow?

to make blood cells

Yellow bone marrow has

high fat content

In an emergency, yellow bone marrow does what?

can convert to red bone marrow to help in red blood cell production

What are 2 types of bone tissue?

compact and spongy

Name 2 places where compact bone is found.

in the shafts of long bones and the outer layer of other bones.

describe an osteon

microscopic cylinder shaped units also know as the haversin systems

mature bone cells that form concentric circles around the central canal of an osteon

osteocytes

The area around the osteocyte is filled with

protein fibers, calcium, and other minerals

Is spongy bone more or less dense than compact bone?

less dense

spongy bone is

arranged in bars and plates called trabeculae.

2 functions of spongy bone?

helps make bones lighter in weight and a space for red bone marrow

define endosteum

Repair and Growth

What 2 places does endosteum line?

Membrane which lines the medullary cavity and spongey bone

Bones are not smooth, having a variety of ________________, _______________, and _______________.

projections, bumps, and depressions

Projections on bones act as _______________ of _______________ for muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

points of attachment

________________or ________________ on bones act as pathways for nerves and blood vessels.

Grooves and depressions

________________ or ________________ is the formation of bone in the body.

projecting structures and depressions

What are the 4 types of cells involved in formation and growth of cells?

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblast, osteoclast, andosteocytes

The production of red blood cells is known as________________.

Hemopoiesis

. ________________ are nonspecialized cells that can turn into other types of bone cells as needed.

osteoprogenitor

________________ are the cells that actually form bone.

Osteoblasts

________________ are mature bone cells.

osteocytes

Osteoblasts surround themselves with a matrix of calcium to ...

become mature osteocytes

________________ tear down old bone.

osteoclast

Tearing down old bone helps to ...

For bones to grown and repair

Bone growth and development begins when?

you are growing in the womb

________________ ________________ occurs when bone develops between 2 sheets of fiborous connective tissue.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the ________________ developed through intramembranous ossification.

skull

Most of your bones are made by ________________ ________________ when shaped cartilage is replaced by bone.

endochondral ossification

The growth plate is another name for the ________________ ________________.

epiphyseal plate

The ________________ ________________ is importat because as long as it exists, the length of the bone will increase.

growth plate

If a bone is fractured, it is repaired by the process of ________________ ________________.

endochondral ossification

For a broken bone to heal ...

a medical procedure called reduction

The first stage of bone repair is...

hematoma formation and inflammation

The second stage of bone repair is...

soft callus formation(fibrocartilage)

The third stage of bone repair is...

hard callus formation

In the fourth stage of bone repair ...

the bone is remodeled by osteoblasts and osteoclast

Cartilage makes flexible ________________ ________________ ________________ .

connection between bones

Cartilage also acts as a ________________ between bones.

cushion

________________ ________________ is located on the ends of bones and keep bones frone grinding together.

articular cartilage

Joints can wear out and become inflammed, this condition is called________________ .

arthritis or ostosarthritis