Community Health Nursing Notes - VOCABULARY Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering core concepts from the Community Health Nursing notes.

Community Health Nursing (CHN)

A synthesis of nursing knowledge and practice and the science and practice of public health, implemented via the nursing process to promote health and prevent illness in population groups; one of the two major fields of nursing (hospital and community).

Hospital Nursing

The other major field of nursing besides Community Health Nursing; care primarily delivered in hospital settings.

Characteristics of CHN

Promotion of health and disease prevention; comprehensive, general, continual, not episodic; serves individuals, families, population groups, and communities; nurse and client collaborate as equals.

Primary Goal (CHN)

Promotion of optimum functioning through health teaching and delivery of care.

Primary Duty (CHN)

Health teaching.

Primary Principle (CHN)

Health care for the entire community.

Primary Focus (CHN)

Health promotion.

Primary Methodology (CHN)

Health care process.

Primary Type of Care Delivery (CHN)

Population-focused care (mass-based).

Primary Basis (CHN)

Recognized needs of clients.

Primary Unit of Service (CHN)

Family.

Primary Client and Setting (CHN)

Community.

Community Health Care—Broad Concepts

Community: group sharing geographical boundaries or values; Health: state of complete physical, mental, social well-being; Caring: treatment of human responses to health problems.

Community (Definition)

A group of people sharing boundaries, values, or interests functioning within a socio-cultural context.

Health (Definition, WHO)

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Caring in CHN

Treating human responses to actual or potential health problems.

Community as Setting for Practice

Where people are found under normal conditions (e.g., schools, workplaces, homes) outside purely curative institutions.

Special Field: Community Mental Health

A focus within CHN addressing mental health in the community.

Qualities of a Healthy Community—Resources

Resources opened and controlled for community use.

Empowerment (Healthy Community)

Active participation and control by people.

Health Citizenry (Healthy Community)

People as active participants in health.

Awareness (Healthy Community)

Knowledge of community health status and needs.

Independence (Healthy Community)

People and leaders capable of self-directed action.

Role Models (Healthy Community)

Parents and guardians who demonstrate healthy behaviors.

Active Concerns (Healthy Community)

Attention to health threats and needs.

Sustainability (Healthy Community)

Environment and needs maintained for long-term health.

Accessibility (Healthy Community)

Access to health services for all.

Politics (Healthy Community)

Mass-based and respected political action for health.

Classification of Community: Rural

Agricultural or fishing areas, less dense, more spacious.

Classification of Community: Urban

Non-agricultural, dense population, highly industrialized.

Classification of Community: Rurban

Mixed rural and urban characteristics.

Components of CHN: The People (Core)

Demographics, values, beliefs of the population served.

Eight Subsystems of the Community

Communication, Housing, Education, Economic, Recreation, Fire and Safety, Politics & Government, Health.

Subsystem—Communication

Open channels of information within the community.

Subsystem—Housing

Adequate shelter and security.

Subsystem—Education

Health teachings and seminars.

Subsystem—Economic

Livelihood projects for community development.

Subsystem—Recreation

Community activities that promote well-being.

Subsystem—Fire and Safety

Building and house safety checks.

Subsystem—Politics and Government

Election of leaders and governance for health outcomes.

Subsystem—Health

Health services and health programs.

Welfare Approach

Address poverty as a response to poverty, often seen as fate; assumes poverty is God-given.

Modernization Approach (Project Development Approach)

Brings lacking resources into a system to spur development.

Transformative/Participatory Approach

Empowers people and transforms poverty; rejects fate; targets oppressive structures.

OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning) Components

Biological, Physical, Ecological, Political, Economic factors influencing health.

Biological (OLOF)

Genetics, physiology, and bodily functions affecting health.

Physical/Heat (OLOF)

Physical environment and body temperature influencing health.

Ecological (OLOF)

Adaptation to environment and ecological interactions.

Political (OLOF)

Power, governance, safety, oppression, empowerment.

Economic (OLOF)

Income, resources, and economic conditions affecting health.

Behavioral Influences on Health

Culture, habits, ethnic customs, substance use, exercise.

Socio-Economic Influences on Health

Employment, housing, education impacting health.

Environmental Influences on Health

Air, water, waste, pollution, climate, urban/rural factors.

Heredity (Genetic)

Genetic endowment, defects, risks within families.

Factors Affecting Health: Poverty and Health

Poverty reflects social injustice; affects health resources.

Factors Affecting Health: Culture and Health

Culture shapes beliefs, practices, social support affecting health.

Factors Affecting Health: Environment and Health

Environment directly influencing health status; sanitation matters.

Factors Affecting Health: Politics and Health

Government policies, health budget, laws impact health access.

Basic Principles of CH Practice

Community is the patient; family is the unit of care; four levels of clientele; client as active partner; multisectoral approach; CH as part of health and human services systems.

Public Health Nursing (PHN) vs Community Health Nursing (CHN)

PHN: care for the health of the public or population; CHN: nursing for health of the entire public/community; interchanged in the Philippines.

Philosophy of CHN

Worth and dignity of man guiding practice.

Five-Fold Mission of CHN

Health promotion, health protection, health balance (biopsychosocial), disease prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary), social justice.

Objectives of CHN

ADPIE-based community health planning; quality nursing service; coordination with health teams; research; continuing education (CPD Act 2016).

ADPIE

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation—the nursing process.

Roles of CHN: Client-Oriented

Caregiver, counselor, educator, referral resource, role model, case manager.

Roles of CHN: Delivery-Oriented

Coordinator, collaborator, liaison.

Roles of CHN: Population-Oriented

Case finder, leader, change agent, community mobilizer, coalition builder, policy advocate, social marketer, researcher.

Public Health Nurse (PHN) Roles

Clinician; Health Educator; Coordinator/Collaborator; Supervisor; Manager; Leader/Change Agent; Researcher.

Duties of the Nurse (CHN)

Provide health care via health care process; establish community linkages; deliver health education; supervise trainees; engage in decisions as a registered midwife; pursue training and research.

Responsibilities of the CHN

Develop health plans; provide quality care to four clientele levels; maintain linkages; conduct research; promote ongoing staff development.

Care in the Family for CHN

Provision of primary health care; develop and utilize health care plans for families.

Care in the Community for CHN

Community organizing, mobilization, and empowerment; epidemiological investigation; program planning and evaluation.

Levels of Clientele in CHN

Individual, Family, Population Group, Community.

ATOMISTIC vs HOLISTIC Approaches

Atomistic: parts of the body; Holistic: whole person and interrelated dimensions within social context.

Five Dimensions of Man

Physical, Social, Spiritual, Thinking/Intellectual, Psychological; all interrelated.

Family as a Client

Family is a collection/interdependent system; primary source of support and health promotion.

Family Unit

Small social system with face-to-face contact and shared goals; composed of two or more related persons.

Nuclear Family

Father, mother, and child(ren) living together.

Extended Family

Nuclear family plus relatives across generations living together.

Beanpole Family

Four or more generations with small size per generation.

Single-Parent Family

One parent with biological/adopted children.

Stepfamily/Blended Family

One or both partners with children from previous relationships.

Patrifocal vs Matrifocal

Patrifocal: father has main authority; Matrifocal: mother has main authority.

Egalitarian Family

Equal authority between partners.

Matricentric Family

Mother has dominant position due to factors like OFWs.

Residence-Based Family Types: Patrilocal

Couple lives near groom’s family.

Residence-Based Family Types: Matrilocal

Couple lives near bride’s family.

Residence-Based Family Types: Bilocal

Choice of living with either family.

Residence-Based Family Types: Neolocal

Couple independently resides apart from parents.

Residence-Based Family Types: Avunculocal

Live near groom’s maternal uncle.

Descent-Based Family: Patrilineal

Affiliation through the father’s line.

Descent-Based Family: Matrilineal

Affiliation through the mother’s line.

Descent-Based Family: Bilateral

Affiliation through both parents.

Family Life Cycle Stages

Married couple; childbearing; young children; school-age children; adolescents; launching young adults; aging/empty nest; aging family.

Family Life Cycle Tasks

Formation of couple identity; parenting decisions; integrating children; autonomy; elder generation planning.

Functions of Family as a Social System—Physical

Providing food, clothing, shelter, protection, and basic care.

Functions of Family as a Social System—Welfare/Protection

Providing love, belonging, emotional security; motivation and morale.

Functions of Family as a Social System—Procreation

Reproduction and child-rearing as core family roles.

Functions of Family as a Social System—Social

Learning societal rules; fostering self-esteem and identity; social and sexual role formation.

Functions of Family as a Social System—Status Placement

Conveys societal rank to children.