Oceanography Quiz 3

What is cabeling?

when waters with the same density are mixed then create denser water

Is ocean water basic or acidic?

it is slightly basic

What does acid dissolve?

calcium carbonate

What is human caused acidity?

carbon dioxide

What plant is more prominent with natural acidified ocean water?

seagrass

What is hypercapnia?

excessive carbon dioxide in the sea water, above 1000 ppm

What temp will gases dissolve more in?

cold temp

Where is there more dissolved oxygen concentration in the ocean?

at the poles

What is solubility?

the maximum amount of gas dissolved per unit volume of water

as temperature increases, gas solubility…

decreases

Where are carbon dioxide levels low and oxygen levels high in the ocean?

at the top

Is carbon dioxide highly soluble?

yes

Where is there the most carbon dioxide and oxygen?

most carbon dioxide in the ocean and most oxygen in the atmosphere

How do you calculate residence time?

reservoir divided by flux

How do you calculate reservoir?

ocean volume multiplied by salt concentration in the ocean

How do you calculate flux?

river flux multiplied by salt concentration in the river

What does short residence time mean for the mixing of a salt?

it is poorly mixed, high where it comes in and low elsewhere

What does long residence time mean for the mixing of a salt?

it is well mixed

Do all salt waters have the same proportion of ions?

yes

What are the inputs of salt in the ocean?

rivers and hydrothermal vents

What are the outputs of salt in the ocean?

sedimentation and hydrothermal vents

Pressure decreases as altitude…

increases

What creates the atmosphere?

the equilibrium between gravitational pull and pressure of the gases

The troposhere’s height changes with?

latitude, its highest at the equator then shortens as it gets closer to the poles

What is conduction?

heat transfer by touch

What is convection?

movement of air mass

Which one is more efficient?(conduction or convection)

convection

What is lapse rate?

decrease in temp with height

Why does lapse rate happen?

density

What is adiabatic expansion?

change in temperature without added heat or energy

What type of heat does water vapor represent?

latent heat

What temperature holds the most moisture?

hot temperature

What process leads to the moist adiabat?

conduction from the sun heating the air at the bottom, the air then rises, cools, and wrings out its moisture, the moisture releases heat

Co2 variablity is higher in which hemisphere and why?

the northern hemisphere because there is more land which means more photosynthesis

What are CFCs and what do they do?

human made gases that destroy the ozone layer in the stratosphere