Nurs 315 - foundations

Phenomenon

the process or event being studied (pain, healing)

concepts

ideas used to describe phenomena

definitions

help explain what each concept means

assumptions

statements taken for granted; what the theory believes to be true

grand theories

broad and abstract. provide general framework for nursing ideas. ex: orem's self care deficit theory

middle range theories

more specific and testable. focus on particular aspects of care like pain or grief. ex: kolcaba's theory of comfort

practice theories (situation specific)

very specific to certain populations or clinical conditions. directly guide bedside care.

descriptive theories

explain, identify, and observe phenomena (but dont direct actions)

prescriptive theories

guide specific nursing actions and predict outcomes

florence nightingale

environment affects health and recovery (clean air, water, light)

hildegard peplau

interpersonal relationships between nurse nad patient drive healing

virginia henderson

help patients become independent by meeting 14 basic needs

dorothea orem

Self-Care Deficit Theory; nurses help patients who cant meet their own self care needs

betty neuman

Systems Model. views patients as open systems reacting to stressors

jean watson

focuses on caring and the nurse patient relationship

madeline leininger

emphasizes cultural competence and understanding patients' background

callista roy

Adaptation Model. adaptation is the key to health - nurses help patients adapt

patricia benner

describes how nurses develop from novices to experts (based on experience)

assessment

identify patient needs (guided by theory based models)

diagnosis

interpret data using a theoretical lens

planning

use theory to guide goals and interventions

implementation

apply theory-based interventions

evaluation

determine outcomes using theoretical expectations

nursing metaparadigm

set of four broad concepts that all nursing theories address. the person, health, environment, nursing

person

receives care and has unique needs, experiences, and preferences.

health

the level of wellness of the person

environment

all internal and external factors affecting health

nursing

the actions taken by the nurse to help the person achieve health

watson

emphasizes spiritual and emotional healing

neuman

focuses on stress and adaptation