PSYCH 200: Ch. 7 - 'Thinking and Intelligence' OpenStax Study Guide

What is cognition?

the process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Cognitive Psychology

study of how people think, learn, and remember.

Why and how does your brain behave like a "file cabinet"

In order to organize a staggering amount of information, but mine has developed "file cannot" of sorts in the mind

natural concepts

created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences

How are Natural and artificial concept different from each other?

An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is the defined By specific set of characteristics

Give an example of how a role scedma may help you file in gaps

Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you

Give an example of an event schema. Think about common behaviors when you wait in a line, sit down at a restaurant, and so on. How do schema relate to manners or customs?

An event schema, Also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel the routine

And event schema is also known as a cognitive _____

script

Can you think of a lexicon and grammar that doesn't apply to spoken, sign, or written language? For example, infants don't understand language but they can still communicate; from their point of you, how am I a noise or facial expression be a form of grammar? How does their understanding evolve into true understanding of our languages?

Language, spoken, signed, or written, has specific components: a lexicon and grammar

Compare and contrast Skinners and Chomsky's Positions, and think about which you think is more accurate one considering the similarities in language development across cultures

Use of language develops in the absence of formal instruction and appears to follow a very similar pattern and children from vastly different cultures and backgrounds

To what does this "critical period" refer below? How am I a developmental or even an environmental problem (such as a family being displaced we're going through an extended difficult) during this time affected language development?

Generally, as people age, the ease with which they acquire new languages fades

How does language influence the way we think? Why do you think so much emphasis is placed on comparing different cultures?

Language may be indeed influence the way we think, idea known as linguistic determinism

What is a problem-solving strategy?

plan of action used to find a solution

Functional fixedness

Is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive and object being used for something other than what it is designed for

Noticed that the theories of intelligence describe low did not simply reveal different perspectives, but they occur overtime. Why might that be?

The way that researchers have defined the concept of intelligence has been modified many times since the birth of psychology

Crystallized intelligence

Is the characterized as acquired knowledge in the ability to retrieve it. When you learn, remember, and recall information, you were using crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence

Encompasses the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

Fluid Intelligence vs. Crystallized Intelligence

processing speed vs acquired knowledge

List some multiple intelligences

Linguistic intelligence, logical mathematical intelligence, musical intelligence, bodily kinesthetic intelligence, Naturalist Intelligence, Spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence

What is divergent thinking, what does it mean to you to think in non-customary ways?

Creativity is often assessed as a function of one's ability Who engage in divergent thinking. Divergent thinking can be described as thinking outside the box

Convergent thinking

describes the ability to provide a correct or well-established answer or solution to a problem

A subset of the population that Accurately represents the general population is known as what?

Representative sample

What is standard deviation?

Describes how data or dispersed in a population and give contacts to large data sets

What is a bell curve?

Uses the standard devination to show all scores are dispersed from the average score

How can IQ testing be using educational for clinical settings to support children?

Children who seem to be experiencing learning difficulties or severe behavior problems can be tested to rather the child's difficulties can be partly attributed to an IQ score that is significantly different from the mean for her age group. Without IQ testing or another measure of intelligence children and adults need an extra support might not identified effectively

What does range of reaction theory hold?

theory that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on his or her genetic make up

What is the key difference between intellectual & Learning disabilities abilities

Learning disabilities are considered specific neurological impairments rather than global intellectual or developmental disabilities

How can a guardian recognizes tendencies versus more general difficulties with reading and writing

Dyslexic children may not understand sound let her Correspondence. Kids with dyslexia may mix of letters within words and sentences

Concept

category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences

Divergent thinking

ability to think "outside the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

Multiple intelligences theory

Gardner's theory that each person possesses at least eight types of intelligence

Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?

anchoring bias

The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.

a. 70

b. 130

c. 85

d. 100

100

Arthur Jensen believed that ________.

genetics was solely responsible for intelligence