Matter in Our Surroundings

Flashcards about the states of matter and their properties, based on the provided lecture notes.

Air, earth, fire, sky, and water, known as the 'Panch Tatva'.

What are the five basic elements that early Indian philosophers classified matter into?

Based on physical properties and chemical nature.

What are the two main types of classification of matter that modern-day scientists have evolved?

Matter is made up of particles, and these particles spread throughout water when dissolved.

What does Activity 1.1 demonstrate about the nature of matter?

Particles of matter are very small, beyond our imagination, as shown by the dilution of potassium permanganate.

What does Activity 1.2 demonstrate regarding the size of particles of matter?

Particles of matter are continuously moving.

What conclusion can be drawn from Activities 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 about particles of matter?

There is enough space between particles of matter, allowing particles of one type to get into the spaces between particles of another.

What do Activities 1.1 and 1.2 reveal about the space between particles of matter?

The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own.

What is diffusion?

Particles of matter have a force acting between them, which keeps the particles together, and the strength of this force varies from one kind of matter to another.

What do Activities 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 suggest about particles of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What are the three different states of matter?

Definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volume, with negligible compressibility. They are rigid and maintain their shape unless excessive force is applied.

What are the characteristics of solids based on Activity 1.9?

No fixed shape but a fixed volume. They take up the shape of the container, flow easily, and are considered fluids.

What are the characteristics of liquids?

The kinetic energy of the particles increases, they vibrate faster, and eventually, the solid melts and becomes a liquid.

What is the effect of increasing the temperature of solids?

A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state.

What is sublimation?

The direct change of gas to solid without changing into liquid.

What is deposition?

By applying pressure and reducing temperature.

How can gases be liquefied?

The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapors at any temperature below its boiling point.

Define evaporation.

Surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

List four factors that affect evaporation.

Particles of liquid absorb energy from the surrounding to regain the energy lost during evaporation, which cools the surroundings.

Explain how evaporation causes cooling.

The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point

What is latent heat of fusion?

The heat energy required to change 1 kg of a liquid to gas at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.

What is latent heat of vaporization?

What are the five basic elements that early Indian philosophers classified matter into?

Air, earth, fire, sky, and water, known as the 'Panch Tatva'.

What are the two main types of classification of matter that modern-day scientists have evolved?

Based on physical properties and chemical nature.

What does Activity 1.1 demonstrate about the nature of matter?

Matter is made up of particles, and these particles spread throughout water when dissolved.

What does Activity 1.2 demonstrate regarding the size of particles of matter?

Particles of matter are very small, beyond our imagination, as shown by the dilution of potassium permanganate.

What conclusion can be drawn from Activities 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5 about particles of matter?

Particles of matter are continuously moving.

What do Activities 1.1 and 1.2 reveal about the space between particles of matter?

There is enough space between particles of matter, allowing particles of one type to get into the spaces between particles of another.

What is diffusion?

The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own.

What do Activities 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 suggest about particles of matter?

Particles of matter have a force acting between them, which keeps the particles together, and the strength of this force varies from one kind of matter to another.

What are the three different states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What are the characteristics of solids based on Activity 1.9?

Definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volume, with negligible compressibility. They are rigid and maintain their shape unless excessive force is applied.

What are the characteristics of liquids?

No fixed shape but a fixed volume. They take up the shape of the container, flow easily, and are considered fluids.

What is the effect of increasing the temperature of solids?

The kinetic energy of the particles increases, they vibrate faster, and eventually, the solid melts and becomes a liquid.

What is sublimation?

A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state.

What is deposition?

The direct change of gas to solid without changing into liquid.

How can gases be liquefied?

By applying pressure and reducing temperature.

Define evaporation.

The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapors at any temperature below its boiling point.

List four factors that affect evaporation.

Surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

Particles of liquid absorb energy from the surrounding