Mutation

Who the hell is the moose man?

Mutation

This is an alteration in the genetic material (the genome) of a cell of a living organism

Mutation

It typically refers to a change that affects the nucleic acids.

Somatic cells

These cell nucleotide changes arent passed to offspring

gametes

These cell nucleotide changes are passed to offspring

DNA replication or transcription

When does Mutation occur?

Mutagen

These are agents of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.

UV Radiation

Both natural sunlight and tanning beds

XRays

Medical, dental, airport security screening

Smoking or Vaping

It contains dozens of mutagenic chemicals

Nitrate and Nitrite Preservatives

In hot days and other processed meats

Barbecuing

Creates mutagenic chemicals in foods

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Sexually transmitted virus

Helicobacter Pylori

Bacteria spread through contaminated food

Inherited and Acquired

Two ways in which mutations occur

DNA replications (either meiosis or mitosis

When does small scale mutation occur?

Substitution

Occurs when a nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Substitution

This type of mutation only affects the codon for a single amino acid

"point" mutation"

Substitution is also known as?

"frameshift" mutation

Deletion is also known as?

Deletion

It is the removal of a nucleotide from the DNA sequence

"frameshift" mutation

Insertion is also known as?

Insertion

Addition of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence

Genetic testing

It can tell what type of albinism has been Inherited.

Harmful Mutations

They reduce the organism's chance for survival and reproduction

Cancer

overexposure to UV light

Helpful Mutations

Improve the organisms chance for survival and reproduction

Neutral Mutations

These mutations do not show any advantages or disadvantages to an organism.

Adaptations

are a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Adaptations

Mutations are often confused with what?

Silent Mutation

A mutation where a base is altered, but it still codes for the same amino acid, resulting in no change to the protein

Inversion

A broken chromosome segment is reversed and put back onto the chromosome

Translocation

A fragment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a completely different chromosome

Non disjunction

An event during meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly, resulting in gametes (sperm/egg) with too many or too few chromosomes

Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder caused by a substitution mutation that changes the shape of red blood cells

Carrier

An individual who inherits only one copy of a mutated gene (such as for sickle cell anemia) and typically does not show symptoms