Study Guide: Chapter 13 Test – World War I (Advanced)

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war, which contributed to the outbreak of WWI through an arms race and military alliances.

Alliance System

A network of agreements between countries that escalated local disputes into global conflicts, notably through the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.

Imperialism

The competition for colonies among European powers that heightened tensions and rivalries, contributing to the causes of WWI.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation that fueled territorial disputes and demands for self-rule, impacting European stability.

Balkans as the 'Powder Keg'

Refers to the volatile ethnic tensions in the Balkans that led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering WWI.

World War I as the First 'Modern War'

WWI is considered a turning point in warfare due to the introduction of advanced technologies and tactics.

Early Years of World War I

Characterized by a stalemate on the Western Front and the significant use of trench warfare.

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany's strategic military plan to quickly defeat France and then focus on Russia, which was disrupted after the 1st Battle of the Marne.

Technological Advances in WWI

New weapons developed during the war increased casualties and extended the duration of the conflict.

U.S. Neutrality and Entry into the War

Initially, the U.S. maintained neutrality but factors like public opinion and events prompted the decision to join the Allies.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's naval policy that led to the sinking of ships like the Lusitania, impacting U.S. views on entering the war.

Factors for U.S. Declaration of War

Key elements leading to the U.S. entering WWI included the Zimmerman Note, economic ties to Allies, and submarine warfare.

Total War

A wartime strategy that involves the mobilization of resources and populations to fully support the war effort.

Impact of Total War on the Homefront

The effects of total war during WWI included shifts in employment, increased roles for women, and changed dynamics in families.

The Eastern Front

The theater of war where Russia faced numerous challenges, including supply shortages and high casualty rates.

End of WWI

Concluded with critical events like the 2nd Battle of the Marne and internal unrest within the Central Powers.

Aftermath of WWI

The war resulted in significant economic, social, and cultural changes across Europe and the world.

Paris Peace Conference

A meeting involving the Big Four and other leaders that shaped the postwar order, excluding certain nations.

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Wilson's peace plan outlined key objectives for postwar peace and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that ended WWI, imposing terms on Germany including the war guilt clause, and which the U.S. rejected.

Criticism of the Treaty of Versailles

The treaty is often criticized for its terms that contributed to future global conflicts and tensions.