Untitled Flashcards Set

Acadian Removal

The forced displacement of Acadians from their homes by the British in the mid-18th century due to perceived threats.

Battle of Plains of Abraham

A pivotal battle in 1759 that marked the end of French military power in North America.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Issued by King George III to establish governance in territories surrendered by France and to assimilate the French population to British rule.

Quebec Act of 1774

A law that restored French civil and religious rights in Quebec and extended its boundaries, aiming to create a loyal population in North America.

Loyalists to Canada 1775-1791

Individuals loyal to the British Crown who migrated to British North America, primarily around the Great Lakes and Maritimes during and after the American Revolution.

Constitutional Act of 1791

An act that divided Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada and limited the powers of elected assemblies.

Durham Report

A report by Lord Durham in 1840-41 that recommended the unification of Canada to assimilate French Canadians under an English-speaking majority.

Confederation of 1867

A significant act that established Canada as a bicultural, bilingual country with rights for both Francophones and Anglophones.

Riel Resistance (1869-70) and creation of Manitoba (1870)

In response to the Metis resistance, Manitoba is created as a province with the following safeguards:

• English and French language rights are protected in the new government and courts

• Protestant and Catholic educational rights are preserved (and funded)

Manitoba Schools Act of 1890

Legislation that created a single, non-denominational school system in English only in Manitoba.

Haultain Resolution (1892)

• Calls for legislative proceedings of North-West Territories to be in English only.

• Francophones do not feel as though their rights will be recognized in the West.

Ordinance Number 22

A 1892 ordinance that mandated English as the language of instruction in North-West Territories schools.

Ontario Regulation 17

A 1912 regulation that restricted French-language instruction in Ontario schools, causing significant protests.

1917 Conscription Crisis

A crisis during World War I where conscription was introduced, leading to divisions between English and French Canadians.

1949 Asbestos Strike

A major labor conflict in Quebec that lasted almost five months, highlighting the divide between workers and the government.

1955 Richard Riots

After accidentally hitting a referee during a fight during an NHL game, Montreal Canadien Maurice Richard is suspended for the season and playoffs.

Montreal Canadiens fans see the suspension as another insult from English-speaking officials who control their economy.

The Quiet Revolution

A period in the 1960s when Francophones in Quebec resisted English control, leading to significant social and political changes.

FLQ (Front de libération du Québec)

A separatist movement founded in the early 1960s aiming to create an independent Quebec through violent means.

1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism

-when it becomes clear  that Francophones have been excluded from key positions in government and industry, parliament creates a commission to study the condition of Francophones in Canada.

-findings lead to passage of  1969 Official Languages Act which gives French and English languages official status in all federal institutions.

1970 October Crisis

An event marked by the kidnapping of public officials by the FLQ, leading to the invocation of the War Measures Act.

Parti Quebecois

A political party formed in 1968 that aimed for Quebec's political and economic sovereignty, winning significant seats in 1976.

1976 - Parti Quebecois forms government

The party was formed in 1968 with the goal of Quebec political and economic sovereignty.

In 1976 the PQ wins 71 of 110 seats in the Quebec legislature.

This victory signals the shift to politics as a means of securing Francophone rights and culture.

Bill 101

Also known as The Charter of the French Language, passed in 1977 to protect and promote French language in Quebec.

1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Provided constitutional protections for the use of French and English in Canada and guaranteed education in one's first language.