Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium

Lime

Lime

________ is among the top five chemicals manufactured in the United States in terms of the amount produced.

Le Châteliers

Since the change imposed is the addition of nitrogen, ________ principle predicts that the system will shift in a direction that consumes nitrogen.

double arrow

A(n) ________ is used to show that a reaction can occur in either direction.

Dynamic state

________: Reactants and products are interconverted continually 13.2 The Equilibrium Constant.

reaction quotient

The ________ is obtained by applying the law of mass action using initial concentrations instead of equilibrium concentrations.

pure liquid

A(n) ________ or solid is never included in the equilibrium expression.

experimental observation

The law of mass action is based on ________.

phase

Many equilibria involve more than one ________ and are called heterogeneous equilibria.

square brackets

The ________ indicate concentration in units of mol /L.

size of K

The ________ is determined by thermodynamic factors such as the difference in energy between products and reactants.

Equilibrium

________ is a dynamic situation.

Le Châteliers

Although ________ principle can not predict the size of the change in K, it does correctly predict the direction of the change.