Latin Grammar Cheat Sheet

Comparative Adj

-ior endings

Superlative Adj

-double letter e.g difficillimus

Adverbs

end with either a ‘e’ (1st and 2nd declension) or ‘iter’ (for 3rd declension)

Comparative adverbs

neuter singular of comparative adjective, ending with -ius

superlative adverb

same as superlative adjective, but end in ‘e’ instead of ‘us’ e.g ;letissime

is,ea,id

that, those, and can also mean he she it

hic, haec, hoc

this, these, he, she, it

ille,illa,illud

that,thoes,he,she,it

idem, eadem, idem

the same

ipse, ipsa, ipsum

myself yourself ect

ego

me

meus, tuus ect

possesive - my your ect

time how long

accusative - for 3 days

time when

ablative - at first light (this one can only be singular, as it is grammatically wrong to say I will leave at 3 hours)

time during or within

ablative - i will come back within 3 days

present participles

like adding -ing, they follow ingens, execpt the abl singular ends in a ‘i’ instead of ‘e’

furture participles

ends with -urus, a, um ; translate as about to do smth

perfect participles (passive)

the perfect participle is PASSIVE. add us, a, um to the supine ; translate as having been verbed

Abl Absolute

spot both a ablative participle and noun. translate as with the noun having been verbed

Deponent Verbs

tense stay the same, but flip the voice

Imperfect Sub

Present Inf, with m,s,t,mus,tis,unt / the passive equivalent of the endigns

Pluperfect Sub

with -isse-

Direct Command

negative command

noli / nolite + pres inf

Direct Question

-ne at the end ; nonne is surely '; num is surely not and expects no as answer (look out for a ?, and don’t confuse with num which can also mean whether)

Infinitives

Ind statement

go one tense back, except for future which you say about to verb

Conditional

You simply translate the verb as it stands, because the meaning of the conditional comes from the tense pairing itself.

But if it is future it goes like this Si+future= if x verbs, y will verb. So it remains present in future

In other constructions of that uses the subjunctive, how is the verb translated?

if Pluperfect Subj - translate in pluperfect, ‘had’

if Imperfect Subj - translated in past, ‘was,were’

The verb in fear clause

if it is passive add the word ‘would’, if not just translate the subjunctive

Verb in temporal clauses

just translate it as it is, but the imperfect subj, translate it as imperfect not past