CH 7 APush

What economic challenges did small farmers face during the era of sharecropping?

They faced economic insecurity, high freight rates, high interest rates for loans, and federal fiscal policy.

How did the interruption of cotton exports during the Civil War affect global cotton production?

It expanded production in India, Egypt, and Brazil.

What was the purpose of the Farmers’ Alliance?

To improve rural conditions through cooperative financing and marketing of crops.

What proposals were made by farmers for government intervention regarding their crops?

Farmers proposed the creation of warehouses for crop storage and low-interest loans using crops as collateral.

What political party evolved from the Farmers’ Alliance?

The People’s Party.

What reform movements did the People’s Party undertake?

Community organization and education, including publishing pamphlets and creating newspapers.

What was one of the key elements of the Populist Platform proposed in 1892?

Direct election of US senators.

How did the Populists attempt to address racial issues in the 1890s?

By making efforts to unite black and white farmers on a common political and economic program.

Who was a famous speaker that rallied farmers to the Populist cause?

Mary Lease.

What was a significant event that defined the relationship between the government and labor in the 1890s?

The federal government intervened in strikes using soldiers to restore order.

What was the outcome of the Pullman strike?

The strike collapsed when the Union leaders were jailed and the Supreme Court approved the use of injunctions against strikers.

What was Bryan's stance during the election of 1896?

He campaigned for the unrestricted minting of silver money.

What distinguished the election of 1896?

It is considered the first modern election due to the amount of money spent and the campaign's organization.

What was the primary argument made by Republicans in the 1896 election?

Gold was the only honest currency, and abandoning it would hurt business confidence.

What was the outcome of the 1896 election regarding voter turnout?

It had an extremely high voter turnout of 90% of eligible voters.

What did the Redeemers aim to achieve in the post-Reconstruction South?

To undo Reconstruction and establish a new racial order.

How did the economy in the South change during the late 19th century?

While some industries developed, the entire region sank deeper into poverty.

What was the 'Kansas Exodus'?

The migration of 40,000-60,000 blacks to Kansas in search of better opportunities.

Who was Booker T. Washington and what did he advocate?

He emphasized economic self-help and urged blacks to adjust to segregation.

What measures were taken to eliminate the black vote from 1890 to 1906?

Laws were enacted such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and understanding clauses.

What Supreme Court case upheld segregation laws in 1896?

Plessy v. Ferguson.

What justification was often provided for lynching during this period?

Preserving white female purity was often cited as the reason for extralegal violence.

What did the Immigration Restriction League advocate for in the 1890s?

Restricting immigration and distinguishing between old and new immigrants.

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

It was the first federal law that excluded a specific race from immigration to the US.

How did the AFL differ from earlier labor organizations?

The AFL restricted membership to skilled workers, excluding women and minorities.

What was the significance of the Women's Christian Temperance Union during this era?

It was the largest female organization advocating for economic and political reform.

What was the role of American missionaries in the late 19th century imperialism?

They spread American culture and values abroad, often providing a way for Americans to work in foreign lands.

What did the Treaty of Paris result in after the Spanish-American War?

The US acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What was the Platt Amendment?

It authorized American military intervention in Cuba at any time.

What was a major reason for Filipinos' resentment toward American control after the Spanish American War?

They had expected independence but were instead subjected to American governance.