Acinetobacter baumannii
gram-negative, “iraqibacter”, uses type IV pilus
Bordetella pertussis
gram-negative, causes whooping cough in humans, uses type IV secretion system, uses type 1 secretion system, pertussis toxin disrupts signaling pathways of the immune system
Campylobacter spp.
gram-negative, causes Campylobacteriosis, can be monotrichous or amphitrichous
Chlamydia trachomatis
gram-negative, causes chlamydia, uses type III secretion system
Escherichia coli
gram-negative, can cause UTIs or intestinal infections, uses type III secretion system, typically peritrichous, has fimbriae
Haemophilus ducreyi
gram-negative, causes chancroid, contains LOS
Haemophilus influenzae
gram-negative, can cause meningitis or pneumonae or bacteremia, contains LOS
Helicobacter pylori
gram-negative, causes stomach ulcers, typically lophotrichous, uses type IV secretion system
Klebsiella pneumoniae
gram-negative, causes pneumonia or meningitis, has fimbriae
Legionella pneumophila
gram-negative, causes pneumonia (legionnaire’s disease), uses type IV secretion system
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gram-negative, causes gonorrhea, has LOS, uses type IV secretion system, has fimbriae, capsule impairs phagocytosis by limiting attachment of white blood cells
Neisseria meningitidis
gram-negative, causes meningococcal disease, has LOS, uses type IV secretion system, capsule impairs phagocytosis by limiting attachment of white blood cells
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram-negative, typically a hospital acquired infection, uses type III secretion system, uses type VI secretion system
Salmonella spp.
gram-negative, causes salmonella infection, can be peritrichous or cephalotrichous or amphitrichous, uses type III secretion system, inject virulence factors via T3SS to prevent lysosome fusion with the phagosome
Serratia marcescens
gram-negative, commonly causes hospital acquired infections, sticky/slimy characteristics from glycocalyx
Shigella spp.
gram-negative, causes shigella infection (diarrhea and vomiting), uses type III secretion system, injects virulence factors via T3SS to escape the phagolysosome and spread to neighboring cells
Vibrio cholerae
gram-negative, causes cholera, uses type 1 secretion system, uses type III secretion system, uses type VI secretion system, can be monotrichous or lophotrichous, cholera toxin disrupts intestinal osmotic balances resulting in rapid fluid loss
Yersinia pestis
gram-negative, causes the plague, uses type III secretion system, injects virulence factors via T3SS to prevent ingestion
Treponema pallidum
gram-negative diderm, causes syphyllis, no LPS/LOS, spirochetal endoflagella
Borrelia burgdorferi
gram-negative diderm, causes lyme disease, no LPS/LOS, spirochetal endoflagella
Bacillus anthracis
gram-positive, causes anthrax, can produce endospores, anthrax toxin disrupts signaling pathways of the immune system
Bacillus cereus
gram-positive, causes food poisoning, can produce endospores
Clostridium botulinum
gram-positive, causes botulism (can’t contract anything), can produce endospores, botulinum toxin inhibits fusion of vesicles containing excitatory acetylcholine neurotransmitters, deadliest toxin
Clostridium perfringens
gram-positive, causes gangreen, can produce endospores, releases alpha toxin to disrupt white blood cells
Clostridium tetani
gram-positive, causes tetanus, can produce endospores, tetanus toxin inhibits fusion of vesicles containing inhibitor neurotransmitters, causes spastic paralysis (all muscles contarcted)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
gram-positive, causes diphtheria (thick grey/white coating on back of throat, fever, swollen glands), Diphtheria toxin inhibits RNA translation (targets ribosomes)
Listeria monocytogenes
gram-positive, causes listeriosis,
Staphylococcus aureus
gram-positive, causes skin and nose infections
Streptococcus mutans
gram-positive, causes dental plaque, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, alpha hemolytic (partial hemolysis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram-positive, causes pneumococcal disease, uses type IV secretion system, has 85 serotypes based on differences in glycocalyxes, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, alpha hemolytic (partial hemolysis)
Streptococcus pyogenes
gram-positive, causes strep throat/necrotizing fasciitis/rheumatic fever, uses type IV secretion system, M-protein is strongly anti-phagocytic and destroys complement proteins, beta hemolytic (complete hemolysis)
Mycoplasma hominis
cell wall-less, causes urethritis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
cell wall-less, causes pneumonia
Ureaplasma urealyticum
cell wall-less, causes ureaplasma (sexually transmitted)
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
acid-fast, causes MAC lung disease, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
Mycobacterium bovis
acid-fast, causes tuberculosis in cattle, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
Mycobacterium kansasii
acid-fast, causes pulmonary disease, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
Mycobacterium leprae
acid-fast, causes leprosy
Mycobacterium lepromatosis
acid-fast, causes leprosy (Hansen’s disease), waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid-fast, causes tuberculosis, waxes resist destruction by digestive enzymes
Nocardia asteroids
acid-fast, causes pulmonary disease
Nocardia brasiliensis
acid-fast, causes nocardiosis