Small Ruminant Clin Pharm (not done)

What drugs can you use in small ruminants?

Zero-tolerance for non-approved drugs because they are a minor species under AMDUCA but used for meat/wool and dairy

T/F you can use medicated feeds for goats?

False, not labeled

What are milk tests?

Can be used to check withdrawal period based on FARADs recommendation

What is the most common sedation cocktail?

Ketamine, midazolam, butorphanol

Also ketamine, xylazine

How do you have to give diazepam?

IV

What are some common xylazine side effects?

Pulmonary edema (sheep)

Cardioresp depression

Hyperglycemia

Diuresis

Bloat

Regurg

Hypersalivation

Uterine contractions

Decreased placental blood flow

When should you NOT use xylazine?

Sheep

Urinary obstruction

Non-fasted

C-sections/pregnant animals

What are the alpha-2 reversals?

Tolazoline

Yohimbine

Atipamezole

What is the toxic dose of lidocaine in sm ruminants?

5mg/kg

What can lidocaine be used for?

Epidurals, nerve blocks, CRI for visceral pain

When is a lidocaine CRI indicated?

Visceral pain like GI disorders, urinary disorders

Can combine with opioid or ketamine for greater analgesia

MOA of flunixin meglumine?

NSAID, COX 1/2

MOA of meloxicam?

NSAID, more COX-2 selective

What is a common NSAID protocol?

IV flunixin then oral meloxicam

What are the NSAIDs used?

Flunixin meglumine

Meloxicam

Ketoprofen

Firocoxib

What does dexamethasone do?

Anti-inflammatory, not pain control

What opioids are used?

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Fent patches but must be placed where animal cannot get to it

What is ceftiofur sodium labeled for?

Resp disease

Neonatal sepsis

Metritis and other repro diseases

Skin bacterial infections

What is florfenicol labeled for?

Resp disease (covers mycoplasma) especially if ceftiofur does not work

Peritonitis

Metritis

Osteomyelitis

What is an adverse effect of tulathromycin?

Rumen microflora effects (anecdotal)

What is tulathromycin labeled for?

Respiratory disease (covers mycoplasma)

What is tilmicosin used for?

Sheep respiratory disease

What should you never use tilmicosin in?

Goats

What is enrofloxacin labeled for?

SQ use in beef cattle and non-lactating dairy cattle

What can you NEVER use enrofloxacin in?

Minor species (all small ruminants)

How do you treat coccidia?

Coccidio-stats like amprolium, lasalocid, monensin/decoquinate

Coccidio-cidals like ponazuril

What coccido-cidal drug is illegal in the US?

Toltrazuril

What is a problem with ponazuril?

Very long meat withdrawal and no milk withdrawal, so be careful in production sm. ruminants

What mammary infections result in culling?

S. aureus

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

What do you use to treat mammary infections?

Cephapirin, ceftiofur

Can be given intramammary

What is a problem with intramammary drugs?

Has variable elimination with longer residues compared to cattle