AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: UNIT 5 STUDY GUIDE AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LAND USE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 7 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/69

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

70 Terms

1
New cards
Hunter/gatherer
A type of society that relies on hunting and gathering wild resources for sustenance.
2
New cards
Agricultural revolution
A significant change in agriculture involving the transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled farming.
3
New cards
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.
4
New cards
Second Agricultural Revolution
A period of technological advancement in agriculture that increased food production in the 18th and 19th centuries.
5
New cards
Green Revolution
A period marked by the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and new agricultural technologies.
6
New cards
GMOs
Genetically Modified Organisms used in agriculture to enhance crop yields and resistance to pests.
7
New cards
High yield seeds
Seeds that have been engineered or selected for increased productivity and resilience to conditions like drought.
8
New cards
Fertilizers
Nutrients added to soil to enhance plant growth and productivity.
9
New cards
Mechanization
The use of machinery in farming which increases efficiency and reduces labor.
10
New cards
Pesticides and herbicides
Chemicals used to control pests and weeds in agriculture.
11
New cards
GPS and moisture monitoring systems
Technological tools used to optimize farming through precise monitoring of soil conditions.
12
New cards
Irrigation advances
Improvements in water distribution systems to support agriculture.
13
New cards
Antibiotics/medical care for livestock
Health care practices aimed at improving livestock productivity and health.
14
New cards
Clustered settlement pattern
A settlement pattern where homes and buildings are close together.
15
New cards
Linear settlement pattern
A settlement pattern where buildings are arranged in a line, often along a transportation route.
16
New cards
Dispersed settlement pattern
A settlement pattern featuring buildings spread out over a large area.
17
New cards
Metes and bounds
A system of land surveying that uses physical features to define boundaries.
18
New cards
Long lots
A land division where parcels are narrow and extend back from a river or road.
19
New cards
Township and range
A rectangular land survey system used in the United States.
20
New cards
Sustainability issues in agriculture
Concerns related to the long-term viability of agricultural practices.
21
New cards
Desertification
The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
22
New cards
Loss of habitat
The extinction of species and disruption of ecosystems due to habitat destruction.
23
New cards
Loss of biodiversity
The decline in the number and variety of species in an ecosystem.
24
New cards
Disruption of ecosystems
The imbalance of natural systems due to environmental changes or human activities.
25
New cards
Carbon output
The total amount of carbon emissions produced by agricultural practices.
26
New cards
Soil erosion
The wearing away of topsoil due to wind, water, and human activity.
27
New cards
Increased influence of corporations
The growing impact of large firms in agricultural production and distribution.
28
New cards
Single-crop dependency
Reliance on one primary crop for economic stability and income.
29
New cards
Grains as key sources of calories
Grains like wheat, rice, and corn are essential for providing dietary energy and nutrients.
30
New cards
Undernourishment
A state in which individuals do not receive sufficient calories or nutrients.
31
New cards
Food deserts
Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.
32
New cards
Obesity
A condition resulting from excessive body fat due to overconsumption of calories.
33
New cards
Agricultural regions
Geographic areas characterized by specific types of agriculture based on their climate and soil.
34
New cards
Mediterranean regions
Areas where agriculture is influenced by a Mediterranean climate, suitable for certain crops.
35
New cards
Sahel region
A semi-arid region south of the Sahara, often affected by food insecurity.
36
New cards
Subsistence agriculture
Farming that focuses on growing enough food to feed the farmer's family.
37
New cards
Commercial agriculture
Agriculture aimed at producing crops and livestock for sale in markets.
38
New cards
Intensive farming
Agriculture that aims to maximize yield per unit of land through high input and capital investment.
39
New cards
Extensive farming
Agriculture that makes use of large areas with lower input and less intensive practices.
40
New cards
Pastoral nomadism
A form of subsistence agriculture involving the herding of animals.
41
New cards
Shifting cultivation
A farming practice that involves clearing land, farming it for a few years, then moving on to clear new land.
42
New cards
Plantation agriculture
Commercial farming of cash crops on large estates, often dependent on labor.
43
New cards
Dairy/milkshed
The area surrounding a dairy farm where milk is produced and distributed.
44
New cards
Mixed crop and livestock farming
A farming system that incorporates both crops and livestock to enhance productivity.
45
New cards
Ranching
The practice of raising grazing livestock on large tracts of land.
46
New cards
Commercial gardening/truck farming
The production of fruits and vegetables for sale in nearby markets.
47
New cards
Fishing/aquaculture
The cultivation of fish and other aquatic organisms for food.
48
New cards
Staples vs. luxury items in agriculture
Differentiation between basic food requirements and non-essential agricultural products.
49
New cards
Textiles: cotton, wool, leather
Farming practices that produce fibers and materials for textiles.
50
New cards
Tobacco
A cash crop that is cultivated for smoking and other products.
51
New cards
Value-added agriculture
The process of increasing the economic value of agricultural products.
52
New cards
Organic and fair trade
Farming practices focused on sustainability and equitable treatment of producers.
53
New cards
Marketing (e.g., champagne, Parmesan cheese)
The process of promoting and selling agricultural products with specific branding.
54
New cards
Packaging (bagged salads)
The techniques used to prepare food for sale and consumption.
55
New cards
Preservation methods
Techniques used to extend the shelf life of food, such as drying and salting.
56
New cards
Flavor enhancement
The process of improving the taste of food products.
57
New cards
Physical changes in food
Transforming raw food items into preserved forms like jams and preserves.
58
New cards
Von Thunen’s model
A model explaining the location of agriculture based on land costs and transport.
59
New cards
Changing roles of women in agriculture
The evolving status and participation of women in agricultural practices.
60
New cards
Decline of small farms
The trend of smaller agricultural operations being replaced by larger, corporate farms.
61
New cards
Technology impact on agriculture
The effects of technological advancements on farming efficiency and scale.
62
New cards
Globalization of the supply chain
The increasing interconnectivity and geographical distribution of food production and processing.
63
New cards
Government subsidies
Financial assistance provided by the government to support agriculture.
64
New cards
Price supports
Government-set prices to stabilize farmer income.
65
New cards
Purchase surplus
Government policy of buying excess production to maintain market stability.
66
New cards
Pay for fallow fields
Compensation paid to farmers for setting aside land to restore soil quality.
67
New cards
Crop insurance
A policy that protects farmers against loss of crops due to unforeseen circumstances.
68
New cards
Ridge tillage
A method of planting crops on ridges to reduce soil erosion.
69
New cards
Connections between agriculture and culture
The influence of cultural practices on farming and vice versa.
70
New cards
Impact of political systems on agriculture
The effect of governance and policy on agricultural practices and systems.