AP Physics Unit 5: Momentum

key terms for unit 5

What is the equation for momentum?

p = mv

What is the Impulse - Momentum Theory?

The Momentum - Impulse Theory is the relation of impulse being the change in momentum.

What is the equation for the Impulse - Momentum Theory?

J = FΔt

What are some of the additional derivations of the Impulse - Momentum Theory?

FΔt = Δp, Δp = mΔv, J = Δp, mΔv = pΔt

What must be true for momentum to be conserved in a collision?

The system must be closed and isolated, with no external forces acting on it.

How are mass and velocity related?

p = mv
Mass is inversely related to velocity.

How are mass and momentum related?

p = mv
Mass is directly proportional to momentum.

How are velocity and momentum related?

p = mv
Velocity is directly proportional to momentum.

What is the equation for an elastic collision?

(m1)(v1) + (m2)(V2) = (m1)(v'1) + (m2)(v'2)

What is the equation for an inelastic collision?

(m1)(v1) + (m2)(v2) = (m1 + m2)(v')

What is the equation for an "explosion"?

0 = (m1)(v'1) + (m2)(v'2)

What is the equation for a "moving explosion"?

(m1 + m2)v' = (m1)(v'1) + (m2)*(v'2)

What is an elastic collision?

In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, resulting in a collision where both objects rebound without loss of total kinetic energy.

What is an inelastic collision?

In an inelastic collision, momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not, leading to some energy being transformed into other forms such as heat or deformation, and the objects may stick together.

If an object has kinetic energy, does it also have momentum

Yes. Since K = (1/2)(m)(v^2) and p = mv, if kinetic energy has a value, momentum must also exist.

Is kinetic energy conserved during a collision?

Kinetic energy is not always conserved during a collision. In elastic collisions, it is conserved, while in inelastic collisions, some kinetic energy is transformed into other forms of energy.

When must you use a component diagram when dealing with momentum?

A component diagram must be used when analyzing momentum in systems with multiple dimensions, allowing for the separation of vector components to accurately compute momentum in each direction.

What are some examples of an elastic collision?

Billiards, hitting a baseball, Newton's Cradle

What are some examples of an inelastic collisions? (This includes "explosions")

Car crashes, a soccer ball being kicked, clay sticking together</span>

What is an "explosion"?

When we start with one system and it is separated into two or more separate pieces.