Colonial Service
Government system for managing colonies and administration
Taiping Rebellion
Massive civil war in China (1850-1864) against the Qing dynasty
slavery
Forced labor system, dehumanizing individuals as property
indentured servants
Workers contracted to serve for a specific period for passage or debt
contract laborers
Workers hired under employment agreements, often exploited
Colonization Society
Organization promoting the settlement of surplus population abroad
penal colony
Settlement used for detaining convicts under hard labor conditions
convicts
Individuals sentenced to imprisonment, often transported for labor
diaspora
Large-scale emigration from a homeland, often involuntary
emigrate
To leave one’s country to settle in another
Great famine
Widespread food scarcity, notably in Ireland (1845-1849) leading to mass emigration