The definitive host harbors the adult, or _______ stage of the parasite.
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intermediate host
Harbors larval/asexual reproducing stages of the parasite.
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asexual
The intermediate host harbors the larval or __________ reproducing stages of the parasite.
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False
(True/False): parasite lifecycles are often independent of host specificity.
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direct, without
Intestinal hookworms are an example of a/n (INDIRECT/DIRECT) parasite (WITH/WITHOUT) an intermediate host.
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indirect, with
The pork tapeworm is an example of a/n (INDIRECT/DIRECT) parasite (WITH/WITHOUT) an intermediate host.
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indirect, vector
Leishmania spp is transmitted by the bite of an infected female sand fly in whom the parasite has undergone development. It is an example of a/n (INDIRECT/DIRECT) parasite with a __________.
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intermediate
(INTERMEDIATE/DEFINITIVE) hosts typically experience more severe consequences to infection.
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ingestion
The most common route of parasite entry.
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False
(True/False): Larger parasites cause more harm than smaller parasites.
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True
(True/False): parasitic infections tend to be chronic, lasting months to years, rather than acute like bacterial infections.
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severity
The infection dose and number of organisms acquired over time contributes to infection ___________.
(True/False): The severity of helminth infection is proportional to the worm load introduced to the host.
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False
(True/False): Adult worms multiply in the definitive host, replacing those that die over time and sustaining infection.
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Do
Protozoa (DO/DO NOT) multiply in hosts.
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do not
Adult worms (DO/DO NOT) multiply in hosts.
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False
(True/False): As with bacterial infections, unbroken skin is typically a strong barrier against parasitic infection.
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mouthparts, molecular
Parasites often use a combination of mechanical ___________ and ___________ interactions to penetrate their host.
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competition, interference
Parasites can cause a loss of nutrients for the host due to ___________ with hosts for nutrients, ___________ with nutrient absorption, and general nutrient loss.
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blockage
Large intestinal parasite loads can cause ____________ of internal organs, potentially leading to rupture, and contributing heavily to the virulence of helminths.
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pressure atrophy
Persistent pressure from intestinal parasites can lead to ___________ __________, contributing to virulence.
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Migration
Larval worms can cause inflammation due to their ___________ through tissues, contributing to virulence.
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toxic
Parasites such as ticks can cause paralysis through their ___________ secretions.
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endotoxins
Malaria is highly virulent due to the parasite's _____________.
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destructive
Parasites like anisakis spp can produce _____________ enzymes, resulting in a severe eosinophilic granulomatous response.
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