The Cold War and the Fair Deal

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and policies related to the Cold War and the Fair Deal as outlined in the lecture notes.

What was the ideological conflict that erupted after the Second World War?

A conflict between communism and capitalism.

What did President Harry Truman refer to as the most important issue facing the postwar world?

The choice between 'tyranny or freedom'.

What policy did George F. Kennan recommend in response to Soviet expansion?

The strategy of containment.

What amount of financial aid did President Truman request for Greece and Turkey under the Truman Doctrine?

$400 million.

What did the Truman Doctrine aim to achieve in foreign policy?

To support free peoples resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

To provide financial and technical assistance to help rebuild European economies after WWII.

What was the outcome of the Berlin Airlift?

The U.S. and British air forces supplied West Berliners for 321 days, leading to the lifting of the Soviet blockade.

What treaty was signed in 1949 by representatives of twelve nations?

The North Atlantic Treaty (NATO).

What was NSC-68?

A top-secret report that called for a massive military buildup and a robust approach to contain communism.

What sparked the start of the Korean War?

North Korea's invasion of South Korea on June 24, 1950.

What was a significant consequence of the Korean War for U.S. military policy?

It led to a major expansion of U.S. military forces around the world.

What was the Loyalty Order enacted by President Truman?

An executive order requiring federal government workers to undergo background investigations for ties to Communists.

What term did Winston Churchill coin to describe the divide in Europe during the Cold War?

Iron curtain.

What was the goal of the containment policy?

To prevent global Soviet expansion and influence through political, economic, and military pressure.

What was the significance of the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)?

It was tasked with investigating and rooting out Communists in the government and the motion-picture industry.