Socialism and Liberalism: The Age of Isms

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Socialism and Liberalism during the Enlightenment.

Nationalism

Loyalty to others who share similar religion and culture, advocating for people of shared culture to live together independently.

Empiricism

Philosophical belief that knowledge comes from sensory experience and experimentation.

Social Contract (Hobbes)

The agreement in which people give up some rights to a strong government in exchange for order and law.

Social Contract (Locke)

The notion that citizens have the right and responsibility to fight against an unfair government.

Tabula Rasa

The idea that individuals are born as blank slates, and knowledge is gained through experience.

Philosophes

18th-century thinkers who explored social, political, and economic theories.

Montesquieu

Thinker whose ideas influenced the structure of British and American government by promoting the separation of powers.

Voltaire

Writer known for his advocacy of civil liberties and judicial reform, particularly through his work 'Candide'.

Rousseau

Philosopher who expanded on Hobbes and Locke's ideas, particularly in child-rearing and education.

Adam Smith

Enlightenment thinker credited with fostering capitalism and advocating for laissez-faire economics.

Utopian Socialists

Individuals who believed ideal communities could solve societal problems.

Henri de Saint-Simon

Proponent of creating ideal work environments assisted by scientists.

Charles Fourier

Theorized 810 passions or improvements for workers.

Robert Owen

Advocated for education and leisure time limits for working children.

Fabian Society

Socialist organization advocating for gradual change through reform rather than revolution.

Feminism

Movement advocating for women's rights based on Enlightenment ideas.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Author of 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', arguing for equal education for females.

Abolitionism

The movement to end slavery and serfdom.

Zionism

Movement advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland, ultimately leading to the founding of Israel.