Modern World History Honors

Mr. Fronce NKHS

The different social classes in France were called:

Estates

A political and symbolic act of revolution occurred when citizens of Paris stormed and captured:

The Bastille

Robespierre’s period of power is called the

Reign of Terror

Causes of the French Revolution included all of the following

Economic Promblems, Social inequality, weak gov. and leadership

The National Assembly’s plan for a limited monarchy was undermined by ______.

The fact that the king still held executive law-enforcing power

France’s government was mainly supported/funded by the ______.

Third Estate

How did the French respond to threats to the revolution?

They responded with more violence, uprisings, and symbolic acts of defiance

Napoleon initially gained fame by ______.

Leading a successful military campaigns

As Emperor, Napoleon made all of the following changes ______.

Creating Napoleonic Code (unifrom set of laws), establishing public schools (lycees), creating national banking system, he did NOT restore power to the absolute church

What is a military seizure of power?

Coup d’etat

Napoleon’s Continental System was a plan for ______.

Blocking trade between Britain and other European countries to weaken the British economy

The main cause of the Spanish rebellion against the French in 1808 was ______.

Napoleon placing his brother on the Spanish throne

All of these factors contributed to the defeat of Napoleon’s army ______.

Russian winter, scorched-earth policy, defeat on Trafalgar

The Napoleonic Code was a comprehensive set of

Uniform Laws

Which of the following was NOT a victory for Napoleon/France?

The Battle of Trafalgar and the Battle of Waterloo

What conference attempted “to put Europe back together again” after the Napoleonic wars?

Congress of Vienna

Why did nations on the continent of Europe lag behind Britain in their adoption of the Industrial Revolution?

Britain was the least affected country by the Napoleonic wars. While the other countries were picking up the pieces, Britain has the time and natural resources to industrialize.

How did industrialization create new social classes as well as the conditions for the development of socialism?

Because of the spike in skilled workers, the middle class was greatly expanded. Along with this, there was a large increase in the unequal distribution of wealth, leading to the development of socialist ideas.

The first type of work to be industrialized in Britain was ___.

The textile industry.

Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?

Farmers moved to the city to become factory worker

Around the mid to late 1800’s the British Gov. began to adopt what type of attitude towards industry and business?

Laissez-faire, meaning the gov. does as little intervention as possible in the economy

What were the factors in the population boom of the 18th century

Better food supply, better medicine

Most of the coal and iron-ore that the British used in their factories came from?

Themselves

Steam Engines affected the location of factories_____.

By allowing factories to be built anywhere, not just by rivers

During the Industrial Revolution, the trend in demographics (population distribution) was _____.

A movement of people from rural areas to cities, leading to a rapid urbanization of many places

Poor working conditions and wages led to the creation of_____.

Unions

Industrialization in Britain in the Industrial Revolution included all of the following EXCEPT

A decline in coal ass a fuel source

Around what year did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain

Around 1750

The Factory Act was passed to_____.

Limit children’s working hours and increase age to work

What newly opened-up area ended centuries of isolation?

Japan

At what meeting did Europe determine the rules of colonization of Africa?

Berlin Conference

What were the common factors for the nations that were able to resist imperialism?

Strong leader, modern weapons, ability to play European powers against each other

The most brutal form of imperialism existed in______.

The Belgian Congo

Tensions in early 20th-century Europe stemmed from_____.

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (MAIN)

Which form in WWI ended up a virtual stalemate (draw) for the first three years of the war?

The Trench Warfare

Russia’s loss in World War I led to the_______.

Russian Revolution and Russia’s withdrawal from the war

The addition of American troops to WWI____.

Turned the tide for the allied powers

What German policy helped to bring U.S. into WWI?

Unrestricted Submarine warfare

What pact attempted to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy?

Kellogg-Briand Pact

What effect did the Dawes Plan have on the German economy?

Aided the destroyed German economy by giving huge loans to help pay reparations

Which of the following does fascism stress?

Extreme loyalty to the state and obedience

After WWI, most European nations had what type of gov. , if only temporarily?

Democratic

What laws passed in Germany took away Jewish rights and citizenship?

Nuremberg Laws

In What order did Germany expand or remilitarize, territorially, during the 190’s

Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia, Poland

What did Germany’s expansion and re-militarization clearly violate

Treaty of Versailles

In the mid-1930’s, the U.S. Congress passed a series of laws designed to________.

Remain neutral and keep the US out of future wars

Germany signed a nonaggression pact with what nation in 1939?

USSR

The Soviet Union expanded into what two countries in 1939?

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

The Axis powers did not include?

Soviet Union

What caused Britain and France to declare war on Germany?

Invasion of Poland

What battle was the tuning point of WWII in the Pacific?

Battle of Midway

What battle was the turning point of WWII in Europe?

Battle of Stalingrad

What is Socialism?

Where the people, often through the state, collectively own or control the mean of production

What is Capitalism?

An economic system where private individuals or corporations won the mean of production

What is Utilitarianism?

A philosophical theory that suggests actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and minimize suffering.

Who is Adam Smith

Father of Capitalism, wrote Wealth of Nations

Who is Karl Marx?

A German philosopher who wrote the The Communist Manifesto

What is Communism?

A political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society where the means of production are collectively owned

What is Unionization?

When workers organize themselves into unions

What is Neutrality?

The state of not taking sides in a conflict, disagreement, or debate

What are Reparations?

Reparations refer to compensation given to individuals or groups who have suffered historical injustices, such as slavery, war crimes, or systemic discrimination.

What is an Armistice?

A deal to stop fighting temporarily as a step leading to peace

What is Militarism?

Militarism is the belief that a country should maintain a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests

What is the Schrieffen Plan?

Quickly defeat France in the West

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919 to officially end World War I. It was a peace agreement between Germany and the Allied Powers, including France, Britain, and the United States

What is No-man’s land?

The area between opposing trenches

What is the Battle Plan XVII?

Frances plan to rapid retake Alsace and Lorraine

What role did Airplanes play in warfare?

They became weaponized

What does mobilization mean in a military context?

The act of preparing troops to move

What is a U-boat (submarine)?

German battle submarine

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Russia gave Germany land and removed themselves from the war

What was Kristallnacht?

Known as the night of broken glass, was a time of targeted attacks against Jewish businesses, communities, and people on November 9th

What does the term “Aryan” refer to in Nazi ideology?

Aryan refers to the “master race” the Germans

What was the Holocaust?

A mass genocide against the Jewish community done by the Nazi party

What was the Final Solution?

Happened later on in the war where the Jewish people where sent to efficient death camps to be killed

What is Blitzkrieg?

Lighting War. It was a military strategy used by the German to quickly defeat opponents

What happened at the Battle of Britain?

Sky battle where the Britain reigned victorious in defending the air

What is Genocide?

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

What are Kamikazes?

What is the Atlantic Charter?

Declaration between the US and Britain establishing goals for the postwar world.

What were the Nuremberg Rallies?

Large propaganda events help by the Nazi Party

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Soviet leader during WWII

Who was Isoroku Yamamoto?

Japanese, planned the pearl harbor attack

Who was George Patton

American general who led the North Africa Campaign

Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt?

President during WWII who helped get the US through the depression

Who was Harry S. Truman?

Made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan

Who was Adolf Hitler?

Who was Dwight Eisenhower?

Led the D-Day invasion

Who was Erwin Rommel?

“Desert Fox” who led the German Africa Korps

Who was Douglas MacArthur?

Liberated the Philippines

Who was Winston Churchill?

British Prime Minister

Who was Hideki Tojo?

Japanese Prime Minister, army general

Who was Hirohito?

Japanse Emperor