CJC 302 Final Terms

Electronic Monitoring

• Idea that works to put kids on EM for the same time as they would be in detention for

  • Tracks location every min, takes history of where they are

  • Might have a radius as to where they can go, like school, therapy, hospital

• Cost effective and prevents overcrowding

• Can have issues though

  • Widening the net → this works great for this reason, but they were only supposed to be in that detention alternative for that period. Now they are on it for an extended time.

    • Judge would encourage that they are doing good and should stay on it (intent), and the impact (it is not helping the kid)

      Why would they be on it for longer

    • Could be extended because they are breaking rules

      • No availabiliy to get it removed

      • Cost-effective than other sentencing options

• Can talk to the juveniles though the anklet, one way only.

Reporting Center

• There are 6 in Chicago, in areas where needed the most & saw kids coming from the most

• 30 days in length, court ordered and PO ran

• Bus service that picks them up from home/school and takes them to the reporting center (get fed/snacks).

• Programs and activities that keep them bust for a couple of hours and educate, then they get driven home

Pros of Reporting Center

• Improvement instead of punishment

• Relationship building, socialization, could be their only meal

• Skill building, makes them feel Important

• Drivers were therapists and or counselors

• A space to get away from home, pressure, and bad family ties

Cons of Reporting Center

• kids got to know where other kids live → created beef with others, can be dangerous

• Kids would get too comfortable staying there, where they shouldn’t rely on it. Supposed to be short term/time of detention

• Can feel invasive to the family, kids might not want to go

• Chicago traffic would take a while for them to get there, hangry

Staff Secure Shelter

• Originally intended to be 7 days at maximum

• When RAI assess a low score thats not high enough, they will be sent here

  • Domestic violence cases benefit from this as it gives staff time to asses the situation

• Not a group home or a prison, but has structure and rules, has supervision. Doors are not locked its just staff having supervision on the kids

• Focuses on rehabilitation

• Juveniles have to go to school by law & therapy is provided

• Good for females

Curfew

• Time restrictions monitored by the PO office where Cook country prefers the parent to monitor the curfew

• This depends on the judges and or the town, others will impose the curfew based on the offense

• Can use electronic monitoring as well

Home Confinement

• Juvenile is confined to home, instead of a facility for the time being of detention

• EM can be used here too, random check-ins or a curfew imposed

• Juvenile remains in community and with family, goes to school/therapy and can have certain radiuses of where they can go

Are apps an alternative to detention?

No

Screening/Assessment/Fidelity

Before seeing the judge/pretrial

• Informs department the likelihood of rearrest based upon data and research of other juveniles in the system

  • Measures the probably of them getting rearrested

  • Category you place in doesn’t determine ur place in the system really

  • Info is taken from adolescent’s perspective since we grow and mature

Screening

A quick/short term → initial process to obtain basic needs and basic information

• Ensures that detention is the appropriate decision

Assessment

A more in-depth→ looks at static (age, gender) and dynamic (changing, substance abuse/family life) factors

• Staff has to be certified when doing this

• Determines placement, supervision, and custody level

Fidelity

Making sure that the internal bias is not disrupting the assessment

• Staff should be honest and not let biases get to them when assessing a child as it can place them in a area that is not fitting for them

Accuracy

Making sure that the factual information is currently being scored

Legally Sufficient?

Questions from a intake officer → no questions about the offense due to “Self-Incrimination”, PO will be called as a witness if a kid confesses, no bias

Pre-trail screening → child is innocent until proven guilty, always want to get a detention alternative

• Many ppl have a presumption of guild towards kids due to peer-pressure/behavioral issues

Social Determinants of Health

Many are more rich in resources that others

• What are some questions/information that PO’s focus on or want to learn about a kid or a family, and how it impacts their delinquency or role in the system

Housing → Not having a stable home,bed,etc

Health care services → price of medication is too much, no psychiatric help, resorts to use of other drugs or stealing

Unemployment → no stability in financial life, drug & alc use goes up, illegal ways of getting money, loneliness

Living and working conditions → Bad pavements/neighborhoods, parents working with limited supervision, no commitment to live/better themselves bc the community isn’t giving back

Education → Education can be unequal in different areas, no education leads to no employment and no access

Criminogenic needs

Factors that are driving the kids into crime. These factors are what leads into a criminal lifestyle.

• Things in a kids life that make them more likely to get into trouble with the law.

YASI and Ohio Youth Assessment

Assessments are used to provide a risk level and determine their re-offense and incarceration.

Criminogenic needs are the areas that these look at

• They help probation officers or caseworkers figure out what parts of a young person’s life (family, friends, school, drug use, etc.)

• might be increasing their risk of getting into trouble again.

• Then, they can make a plan to help fix or improve those areas.

These determine what crime producing or criminogenic needs/areas are most prevalent for the youth

Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument (YASI)

Done by CPD. Completed AFTER SENTENCING

looks at…

• Legal history

• Family history

• School

• Community & Peers

• Alc & drugs

• Mental health

• Aggression

• Attitudes

• Skills

• Employment and free time

Ohio Youth Assessment

• COMPLETED PRIOR TO SENTECING (Ohio → omg my kid is in trouble)

looks at… in order

• JJ history → Family & living → education & employment → Peers and Social support network → substance use/mental health/personality (mental health is not a 1 for 1) → Attitudes, values, beliefs (do u think the law applies to you), prosocial skills (putting them in activies)

Risk Level

Classified as Low, Moderate, High

• Levels to be rearrested

• Risk level drives contact in the home, community, or school

  • Includes face to face/virtual and phone/text

  • The higher risk, the more contact you have with juvenile

• High risk = higher likelihood to be arrested

• Low risk = what interventions should be provided

  • providing some building of skills, alternative programming

Principles of Effective Intervention

Used across the nation

R - Risk

who? who is high risk

N- Need

what? What are the criminogenic need areas? have to work on these first

R - Responsivity

How? how do we do it? how do we work with you/ respond to you

• focuses on urgent matters, like a bed to sleep on/food to eat

Self- Report

• Questions that the juveniles answer themselves.

  Some questions that they ask:

  • What did you do the get in trouble?

  • My family is important to me. (strongly agree to disagree)

  • How likely are you to follow your parents rules (highly likely to highly unlikely)

  • My friends get into physical fights

  • My friends are important to me

  • How many of your teachers or other school staff do you have a positive relationship with? What about your boss (where applicable)

  • How likely are you to quit using drugs

  report goes to the judges and they sentence them

Social Investigation

By statute required to the judge/attorneys 3 days prior to court

• Social investigation shall include and report the minor’s physical and mental history and condition, family situation, and background, economic status, education, occupation, personal habits, minor’s history of delinquency or criminality or other matters

• Is a conversation, not a interrogation

A report written by PO, Juvenile Court Act says POs have to ask Juvenile Questions

• family

• Substance abuse

• Attitude

• Skills

• Peers

• Education/employment

If a juvenile acts in positive things in these areas, it could raise their risk to re-offender

• It’s not a direct cause-and-effect, but the more “negatives” they have, the higher the risk

Who reads the investigations?

• Judge, States attorney, defense attorney

Probation order

List of conditions that kids could be sentenced to while on probation

• Up to 18 order, first 8 are blanket conditions, meaning it applies to everyone regardless of case

  • Has restrictions/rules like attending school, informing PO, Counseling, fines/fees, community service, home confinement

RAI for Detention (Risk-Assessment Instrument)

• All officers in Cook County are aware of the RAI, as it is used every time each time a case is considered for a hold in custody

  • PO’s are on call 24/7, Data is collected for every call

• RAI is scored and gives recommendation

  • 15 points or more is when they go into detention

• Police discretion, rate of recidivism increases if a child is in custody

This assesses the likelihoods of a child being arrested, and some jurisdictions don’t have this. Issue is that whoever answers the phone at the detention center will choose what to do based off their mood.

Case Plan

Done after social investigation

• Setting a goal and focusing the goal on one of the high risk demands

• Informed by youth & family

• Focuses on criminogenic need ideas

What are the three factors to first look at when creating change

1. Attitudes - parent having the same beliefs could be a issue

2. Beliefs

3. Values

RELATIONSHIP WITH PO is very important

Widening the net

Expanding the scope of a program of system beyond its original limits

examples: Original intent of specialized courts is gone, bc you're taking in too many people, none of the courts work.

Example: children on EM for a extended amount of time

What is the only specialized court that works?

Victim mediation

• anything to do with victim restorative is very effective

Strength Based

Assumes clients to be competent and “expert” on their life and situation. Helps client discover how strenghts and resources can be applied to third-party concerns and mandates while furthering thier wants and concerns

Goals: Growing, development, and behavioral changes, along with obedience and compliance

• Want to focus on the strengths, rather than the monitoring

Problem Based

In this approach, the professional takes the role of an “expert” in naming client’s problems and instructing clients how to fix then

Goal: focuses on achieving obedience and complaints from the client

10 Core Principles of Juvenile Probation

1. Individualize probation

2. Promote equity

3. Align practice with research

4. minimize conditions of probation

5. minimize confinement

6. look to encourage success

7. be a bridge to opportunity

8. be a coach, teacher, mentor, and advocate

9. aim for progress, not perfection

10. hold probation accountable for meaningful results

probation offices should follow these 10 things