science exam

TRUE OR FALSE

matter

• anything that takes up space

• has volume and mass

TRUE OR FALSE

pure substance

• a substance where every sample is the same in every way

TRUE OR FALSE

asexual/sexual reproduction

asexual (mitosis)

• requires a single parent

• produces offspring identical to its parent

sexual (meiosis)

• two individuals contribute genetic material

• produce offspring with a combination of genetic information from their parents

TRUE OR FALSE

do all cells have a nucleus

false prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus

TRUE OR FALSE

homogenous and heterogenous mixtures

heterogenous

• a mixture where the substances aren’t evenly mixed

  ex. salad

homogenous

• a mixture where the molecules of each substance are equally mixed

• you can’t see the different parts of the mixture

  ex. sugar dissolved in water

TRUE OR FALSE

static electricity

when electricity gathers in one place

TRUE OR FALSE

trait inheritance and alleles (dominant & recessive)

dominant alleles

• the allele that is always expressed

• homozygous dominant (RR)

recessive alleles

• the allele that gets masked

• only expressed when both alleles are recessive

• homozygous recessive (rr)

• heterozygous (Rr)

genotype= 2 GG, 2 Gg

phenotype (physical)= 4 green pea plants

TRUE OR FALSE
symbols for metric conversions

M (mega)

k (kilo)

h (hecto)

da (deka)

g (grams), L (litres), m (meters) BASE UNITS

d (deci)

c (centi)

m (milli)

TRUE OR FALSE

solvent and solute

solute

• the substance that gets dissolved

solvent

• the substance that dissolves the solute

TRUE OR FALSE
5 different types of asexual reproduction

• binary fission

  • duplicates its genetic material by elongating

• budding

  • uses mitosis to produce a bud of cells

  • when large enough will break off and live on its own

• vegatation propagation

  • when a plant produces runners, or horizontal stems that grow into a new plant

• regeneration

  • when animals regrow lost parts

• sporulation

  • when a parent plant create hundreds of spores which germinate and produce offspring

TRUE OR FALSE

differences between genes, traits and alleles

gene

• a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein, influencing a particular TRAIT. 

traits

• observable characteristics that are passed down through generations

alleles

• different variations of a GENE

• each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent

TRUE OR FALSE

covalent and ionic bonds

covalent bonds

• formed by sharing electrons between atoms

• BOTH ATOMS CONJOIN

• Non-metals Covalently bond with non-metals

ionic bonds

• 2 atoms that aren’t neutral joining together (the amount of electrons and protons are not equal)

• BOTH ATOMS WITH DIFFERENT CHARGES. 

charges

positive= more protons

negative= more electrons

neutral= equal amount of protons and electrons

TRUE OR FALSE

types of animals that use external fertilization

External Fertilization

• the sperm and eggs are released into an external environment.

  • (ex.: bodies of water)

• Fishes like Salmon and Trout

• Amphibians like frogs and toads

SHORT ANSWER

all the stages of PMAT

interphase

• cell grows

• replicates DNA

• prepares for cell divison

prophase

• chromosomes become visible

• membrane disappears

metaphase

• chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibres

anaphase

• there are twice as many chromosomes in the cell

telophase

• nuclear membrane reappears

• spindles disappear

SHORT ANSWER

diagram of PMAT

SHORT ANSWER
know your cell organelles and their functions

SHORT ANSWER

animal cell diagram

SHOW YOUR WORK

male reproductive structure

SHOW YOUR WORK

female reproductive structure

MULTIPLE CHOICE

pregnancy

• When an offspring is developing in a womb

• when sperm enter the ovum and fertilizes an egg

• Drinking or smoking can cause an unnatural birth

• FASD= Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder

MULTIPLE CHOICE

chromosome/sexual reproduction

•  chromosomes are made up of genes

• Humans have 46 Chromosomes (Sperm 23, Egg 23)

• Gametes: Sex cells (Sperm, and Egg)

• body cell (paired)

• sex cell (not paired)

MULTIPLE CHOICE

physical and chemical changes

physical change

• no new substances are formed

  • ex. ice melting

chemical change

• always causes atleast one new substance, with new properties, to be formed

  • ex. burning paper

MULTIPLE CHOICE

periodic table of elements and it’s arrangement

• Arranges elements by increasing atomic number (the number of protons in an atom's nucleus)

  • protons & electrons = atomic number

  • neutrons = atomic mass (rounded) - atomic number

• Horizontal rows= Periods 

• Vertical columns= Groups

• left side= metals

• right side= non-metals

MULTIPLE CHOICE

electricity and charges and their attractions

• Like charges repel each other

  • (+) and (+) or (−) and (−) push away

• Unlike charges attract each other

  • (+) and (−) pull together

• neutral attraction= equal amount of postive and negative charges

MULTIPLE CHOICE

compounds and ionic bonds

compound

• a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded

ionic bonds

• an electrostatic attraction between two atoms where one atom tranfers an electron to the other atom

CHEMISTRY

bohr diagrams of an isotope of a given atom

• Isotopes: Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

• The more Neutrons just means it’s heavier 

• 2-8-8 rule

GENETICS

punnet squares

ex. a green pea plant (GG) is being crossed with a yellow pea plant (gg)

genotype: 2 Gg, 2 gg

phenotype: 2 green plants, 2 yellow plants