Wade Shol Govt 2305 Final Exam

Agenda

Set of issues and policies to be discussed or given attention.

Appeasement

The process of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war.

Al-Qaeda

A network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in 2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001

Biennial

takes place every two years

Bilateral treaty

a treaty made between two nations

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the constitution which largely define personal rights and liberties

Business cycles

Fluctuations between periods of economic growth and recession.

Capitalism

An economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services.

Civil liberties

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

Cold War

200 million died at the hands of communists. The period of tension between the communist walls in the west that lasted from 1947 to 1941. Post World War II Era.

Collective Security

The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries. Type of security that countries take with conjunction of group

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

Containment

U.S policy of opposing soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance and political influence

Deregulation

A reduction in market controls in favor of market based competition

Détente

The improvement in relations that occurred between the us and the soviets during the 1970s.

Discount rate

The rate of interest at which the federal reserve board loans money to member banks.

Electoral College

Representatives of each state that cast the final ballot and actually decides who is president

Enumerated powers

The powers of the government specifically granted in article 1 section 8 of the constitution.

Executive order

A rule issued by the president that has the force of law

Federal Reserve System

The country's central banking system, which is responsible for the nation's monetary policy by regulating the supply of money and interest rates

Fiscal Policy

Deliberate use of national government taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability

Free exercise clause

2nd clause, 1st amendment, prohibits government from interfering with a persons right to exercise their religion

Grand Strategy

An overarching concept that guides how nations employ all of the instruments of national power to shape world events and achieve specific national security objectives.

Gross Domestic Product

Total market value of all goods and services produced in an area during a year.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese cities where the atomic bomb was detonated in WW II

Human rights

Liberties that every human being has that government and organization cannot take from them.

Inflation

a rise in the general price levels in an economy

Isolationism

us policy of avoiding entangling alliances with European powers

Laissez-faire capitalism

an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference

Majority party

In both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the political party to which more than half the members belong

Medicaid

subsidize medical care for the poor

Medicare

medical care to elder social security recipients, by Lyndon B Johnson

Military-industrial complex

the network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the United States armed forces, and congress

Minority party

In both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the political party to which fewer than half the members belong

Monetary Policy

a form of government where the economies money supply and interest rates are controlled

Moralism

The policy of emphasizing morality in foreign affairs

Multilateralism

A philosophy that encourages individual nations tacked together to solve international problems.

MAD

Mutual assured distruction

Natural law

a doctrine that says society should be governed by certain ethical principals that is part of nature and as such can be understood by reason

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

North America, Western Europe and transmission belt across the pacific- created to defend west Europe from the soviet red army- it was essential that the sea-lane of transportation was intact

Political parties

an organized group with shared goals and ideas that join together to run candidates for office and exercise political and electoral power

Power

Influence over a government's leadership, organization, or policies.

Public Policy

An intentional coarse of action or inaction followed by government in in dealing with some problem or matter of concern.

Recession

An economic down turn characterized by a lowering of production and increase in employment typically lasting 15 to 18 months.

Redistribution

A policy whose objective is to tax or spend in such a way as to reduce the disparities of wealth between the lowest and the highest income brackets

Republic

Government rooted in the consent of the governed, by representatives put in power of the people.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Supply-side economics

An economic philosophy that holds that sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest. Greater investments will lead to more jobs, a more productive economy, and more tax revenues for the government.

Tariffs

A tax on imported goods

Unilateralism

The doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations

Veto

Power of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of congress

Warsaw Pact

Created to counter NATO.

President of the United States during the Iranian hostage crisis

Jimmy Carter

Made the statement, "Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting

Mark Twain

President of the United States who ordered the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

Harry Truman

British Prime Minister during World War II

Winston Churchill

Nickname of the individual credited for leaking White House secrets to the media during the Watergate affair

Deep Throat

Reform Party candidate who received 19% of the popular vote in 1992 election

Ross Perot

First chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court

John Jay

President who signed the bill creating the Environmental Protection Agency

Richard Nixon

Proclamation launching construction of the transcontinental railroad signed by this president

Abraham Lincoln

First presidential election with clear party candidates was held between these two individuals

Jefferson and Adams, 1800

The four presidents who were assassinated by a gun while serving in office

Abraham Lincoln, Garfield, McKinney, John F Kennedy

Media giant who some accuse of pushing the U.S. into the Spanish-American War

William Randolph Hearst

First Secretary of Defense for the United States

James Forrestal

Individual with over half the $5M in fines levied by the FCC since 1990

Howard Stern

Name given to democrats who supported the presidential candidacy of Ronald Reagan

Reagan Democrats

Influential British economist who advocated for government intervention during economic slowdowns

John Keynes

Life expectancy in 1900

47

Percent of the Senate that must vote in favor of a treaty

2/3

Food stamp cost in 1974

$2.8 billion

Food stamp cost in 1996

22.4 billion

Food stamp cost in 2012

$47 billion

Percentage increase in volume of student loans between 1994 and 2001

66%

The amount of the average monthly Social Security check in 2006

$1006

Percent of Americans collecting Social Security

>16%

Number of FDR's U.S. Supreme Court justice nominees on the bench when he died

8 out of 9

Projected combined Medicare/Medicaid cost for 2007

$550 billion

The projected cost of Medicare in 2007

400 billion

Cost of public education (elementary and secondary) in 2003

>340 billion

Year of the first televised presidential election debate

1960

Estimated cost of the 11 September 2001 attack by 2004

$1 trillion

Year the current two-party system began its domination

1860

Percent of federal budget dedicated to human resources in 2010

67%

Percent of federal budget dedicated to national defense in 2010

19%

Year the War Powers Act was passed

1973

Size of military manpower reduction between 1987 and 2002

800,000

Frequency of party national conventions

every 4 years

Global agreement creating World Bank and International Monetary Fund

Bretton Woods System

Year the Federal Communications Commission was created

1934

Years that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) existed

1948-1994

World Trade Organization grew out of this trade organization

GATT

Percent of stock market growth between 1990 and 1999

300%

Date each year that a new fiscal federal budget goes into effect

October 1st

Normal length of term for serving in the US Senate

6 year term

Year the Federal Reserve System was established

1913

Length that the seven Federal Reserve Board (FRB) members serve a term

14 years

One FRB member serves as chair, staggered term between presidential elections.

4 years

Year the income tax amendment was added to the Constitution

1913

Year the US Constitution amendment that took senatorial selection from state legislatures began

1913