Autism Spectrum Disorder Lecture Notes

A series of vocabulary flashcards based on the key concepts related to Autism Spectrum Disorder from the lecture notes.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A very complex, often baffling developmental disability first described by Leo Kanner in 1943.

Theory of Mind Deficit

Refers to difficulty understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from one's own, often described as 'mind blind'.

Prevalence Rate (ASD)

The incidence of ASD increased from 1 in 150 children in 2000 to 1 in 36 children in 2020.

Comorbidity in ASD

High rates of co-occurring disorders; around 30% of cases have IQ below 70, and about 50% have little or no speech.

Social Interaction Deficits

Challenges in social or emotional reciprocity, such as failing to respond in conversations or adjust behavior in social contexts.

Restricted and Repetitive Patterns

Includes stereotyped motor movements, inflexible routines, or intense preoccupations, fulfilling two or more criteria.

Genetic Component of ASD

Heritability estimates for autism are around 0.80, suggesting a strong genetic influence.

Neural Pruning Dysfunction

In children with autism, brain enlargement happens around age 2, indicating potential dysfunction in the brain's pruning mechanisms.

Vaccination Controversy and ASD

Despite claims linking vaccines to autism, available data show no connection between vaccines and ASD.

Biological Etiology of ASD

Structural anomalies in the brain regions associated with language, social, and emotional functions are observed in individuals with autism.