Philippine History Flashcards

Flashcards covering topics from the Cavite Mutiny to Martial Law in the Philippines.

Cavite Mutiny

An event used by Spanish authorities to suppress Filipino reformists and nationalists.

GOMBURZA

Falsely accused leaders, considered martyrs and heroes, whose execution intensified anti-Spanish sentiment.

January 20, 1872

The date of the Cavite Mutiny.

February 17, 1872

The date of the execution of GOMBURZA.

El Filibusterismo

A novel dedicated to the memory of GOMBURZA written by Jose Rizal.

GOMBURZA

Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora

Rafael de Izquierdo

Governor-General who implemented harsher policies following the Cavite Mutiny.

Roman Catholic Church

The religious affiliation of GOMBURZA.

1872

The year GOMBURZA were executed.

Garrote

How GOMBURZA were executed.

Propaganda Movement

Group that sought reforms in Spanish rule, formed after the execution of GOMBURZA.

Primary cause of the Cavite Mutiny

The removal of privileges, such as tax exemptions, for Filipino soldiers and laborers.

Phillippine Revolution

An event fueled by anti-Spanish sentiments, intensified by the execution of GOMBURZA.

Jose Rizal

Influenced by the execution of GOMBURZA, he was a Filipino national hero.

Spain

Colonial Power during the time of GOMBURZA.

Bagumbayan, Manila

Where GOMBURZA were executed.

Katipunan

Founded on July 7, 1892 by Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, and Ladislao Diwa.

Secretary of the Interior

Was actually associated with Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Aguinaldo

Elected president of the Philippines revolutionary government during the Tejeros Convention.

Malolos Constitution

Formally declared the establishment of the First Philippine Republic.

Andres Bonifacio

Became known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution.”

Katipunan

Main goal, to achieve independence from Spain.

Cry of Pugad Lawin / Balintawak

Marked the official start of the Philippine Revolution against Spain.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato with the Spanish authorities.

Katipunan

Founded in 1892 to fight for Philippine independence from Spanish rule.

Andres Bonifacio

Primary leader and founder of the Katipunan, known as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution.”

Emilio Aguinaldo

Became the first President of the Philippines under the First Republic.

Kalayaan

Newspaper published by the Katipunan to spread revolutionary ideas.

Tejeros Convention

Assembly held in 1897 to resolve leadership disputes within the revolutionary movement.

Emilio Jacinto

Authored the “Kartilya ng Katipunan,” which served as the primer of the Katipunan.

Cry of Pugad Lawin / Balintawak

An event marked by the rearing of cedulas as a sign of rebellion against Spanish rule.

Magdalo

Faction of the Katipunan led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, named after a town in Cavite.

Supremo

Title given to Andres Bonifacio as the leader of the Katipunan.

Biak-na-Bato Republic

Peace agreement signed in 1897 between Spanish authorities and Filipino revolutionaries, leading to temporary exile of leaders.

Commonwealth Government

Philippine government established in 1935 in preparation for independence from the US, but was suspended during the Japanese occupation and later restored after World War II.

Japanese Occupation in the Philippines

Period from 1942 to 1945 when the Philippines was under the control of the Japanese Empire during World War II.

Bataan Death March

Forced transfer of around 60,000 - 80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the Battle of Bataan, characterized by severe brutality and suffering.

Jose P. Laurel

Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the President of the Japanese sponsored Philippine Republic during the Japanese occupation.

Leyte Landing

Amphibious assault by allied forces led by General Douglas MacArthur on the island of Leyte in October 1944, marking the beginning of the end for Japanese control in the Philippines.

Collaboration Issue

Contentious debate over Filipinos who cooperated with the Japanese during the occupation, with some seen as traitors while others viewed their actions as pragmatic survival measures.

WWII

Broader conflict that engulfed the Philippines from 1941 to 1945, involving both military engagements and civilian hardships under Japanese occupation.

Puppet Government

Government installed and controlled by a foreign occupying power to give the appearance of local administration while actually serving the interests of the occupier.

Guerrilla Resistance

Filipino and American soldiers who continued to fight against the Japanese occupation forces through unconventional warfare tactics, even after the fall of organized resistance.

Liberation of the Philippines

Eventual defeat of Japanese forces in the Philippines by Allied forces, leading to the restoration of Philippine sovereignty.

1972

The year Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law.

Presidential Proclamation No. 1081

Document that formally suspended the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus in the Philippines during Martial Law.

Armed Forces of the Philippines

Government agency established by Ferdinand Marcos to implement Martial Law.

Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.

Prominent opposition leader who was arrested and imprisoned during Martial Law.

The Assassination of Benigno Aquina Jr.

Event in 1983 that challenged the stability of the Marcos regime.

Camp Crame

Nickname of the prison where political prisoners were detained during Martial Law.

Corazon Aquino

Succeeded Ferdinand Marcos as President after the People Power Revolution of 1986.

The New Society

Main slogan used by the Marcos regime to promote its development projects.

Marcos declared Martial Law, which was televised in the Philippines on September 21, 1972

Though Ferdinand Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 declaring Martial Law on September 21, 1972, it was not publicly announced or broadcast until September 23, 1972, when the declaration was read over radio and television.

Martial Law lasted for 14 years until it was lifted in 1986

Marcos's dictatorship ended in 1986, Martial Law itself lasted from 1972 to 1981, a total of about 8 years.

During

Martial Law, the Philippines Constitution was suspended.

Marcos’

His administration is known for widespread human rights abuses, including torture and extrajudicial killings.

The economy of the Philippines thrived under Marcos’s rule without any significant debt increase

By the time he was overthrown in February 1986, the debt had ballooned to approximately $28.3 billion.

Opposition leader Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.'s assassination

Led to increased opposition to Marcos.

The People Power Revolution, which led to Marcos’ ouster, occurred in February 1985

It occurred from February 22 to 25, 1986.

The 1986 snap election were widely regarded as free and fair.

The 1986 snap election in the Philippines, held on February 7, 1986, was widely regarded as fraudulent and marred by irregularities.