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Chapter 9 Key Terms
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1
Alexander Hamilton
Unified the pro-Constitution Federalists of 1788, headed the new government's treasury department, and became the country’s most polarizing figure.
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2
Alien and Sedition Acts
1798 laws aimed at suppressing political dissent, criminalizing conspiracy and criticism of government leaders.
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3
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, ratified by 1791, focusing on individual liberties and the boundary between federal and state authority.
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4
First Amendment
Guarantees freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
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5
Second Amendment
Protects the right to bear arms.
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6
Fourth Amendment
Provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
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7
Fifth Amendment
Covers rights of the accused including protection against self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, and due process.
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8
Cotton
A major cash crop that became labor-intensive after the invention of the cotton gin; significantly drove plantation slavery.
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9
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin, which revolutionized cotton production.
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10
Federalist Party
The first political party in the United States, founded by Alexander Hamilton, supporting a strong national government and commercial growth.
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11
George Washington
First President of the US, who set key precedents and warned against political parties.
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12
Haitian Revolution
An uprising in Saint Domingue leading to the creation of Haiti in 1804, advocating for the liberty of enslaved people.
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13
Jay Treaty
1795 treaty negotiated by John Jay, securing limited trading rights with Britain but failing to meet most U.S. objectives.
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14
John Adams
Second President of the U.S., known for the XYZ Affair and the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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15
John Jay
First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated the Jay Treaty.
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16
McCulloch v. Maryland
Established federal supremacy over state laws and upheld the Bank of the United States.
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17
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
An effort led by President Washington to keep the U.S. out of European wars.
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18
Northwest Confederacy
A coalition of Native American nations defending their territory from U.S. expansion.
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19
Report on Manufactures
Hamilton's proposal to promote American goods through subsidies and tariffs.
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20
Report on Public Credit
Hamilton's report recommending that the national debt be funded at full value to make the new country creditworthy.
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21
Republican Motherhood
Ideology highlighting the importance of female education to raise enlightened male citizens.
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22
Republican Party
Anti-Slavery party formed in 1854 opposed to the extension of slavery into U.S. territories.
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23
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State under Washington and leader of the Republican party opposing Hamilton's policies.
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24
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution that established Haiti as the first independent Black Republic.
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25
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1798 resolutions condemning the Alien and Sedition Acts, advocating for state judgment on federal laws.
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26
Washington’s “Farewell Address”
Washington's final speech warning against political parties and permanent foreign alliances.
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27
Washington D.C.’s Location
Chosen as the U.S. capital to compromise between Hamilton and Southern States supporting his financial plan.
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28
Whiskey Rebellion
1794 uprising by farmers against an unpopular whiskey tax, quelled by President Washington.
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29
XYZ Affair
A 1797 incident where French officials demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats, leading to widespread outrage.
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