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What are some pathologies that can affect the thigh and lumbar spine?
Inguinal Hernia
DDD
Spina Bifida
Lsp OA
Meralgia paresthetica
Muscle strain
What are common causes (eitological) of DDD?
Ageing and genetic factors
What causes radiation of pain in Degenerative Disc Disease?
Compression of nerve roots due to herniated material.
What are common clinical symptoms of DDD?
Localised spinal px
Radiating px
Reduced mobility
Aggravated by spinal loading
Possible neurological symptoms
What are conservative treatment options for DDD?
Manual and exercise therapy, NSAIDs, weight management, and activity modification.
When is surgery considered for DDD?
As a last resort - may not alleviate px
DD for DDD
Spinal arthritis
How common is Lsp OA
Very common with a prevalnce of 40-80%
What structures are affected by degenerative changes in lumbar OA?
Facet joints, IVDs, and spinal ligs
What are three causes of pain in lumbar OA?
Facet joint degeneration - cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, joint space narrowing.
Disc degeneration
Nerve root compression
What is Meralgia Paresthetica?
Neurological condition involving px and dysethesia in the anterolateral thigh due to compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
What commonly aggravates Meralgia Paresthetica?
Standing, walking, prolonged hip extension, tight belt
What internal factors may contribute to Meralgia Paresthetica?
Pregancy, obesity, tumors pressing on the nerve
Which hamstring muscle is most commonly strained?
Biceps femoris
When are the hamstrings most vulnerable to strain?
The transition from decelerating knee extension to initiating hip extension
Which quadriceps muscle is most commonly strained?
Rectus femoris
What is the typical mechanism of quadriceps strain?
Sudden, forceful eccentric contraction.
Which adductor muscle is most commonly strained?
Adductor longus
What mechanism leads to adductor longus strain?
Rapid eccentric contraction