cheistry fundamentals

isotopes

atoms which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

solid

neat, uniform arangement (regular), vibrate around a fixed point and low kinetic energy

liquid

random but mostly touching arrangement (irregular), move and slide over each other, medium kinetic energy.

gas

completely random arangement, move freely and high kinetic energy.

sublimation

solid to gas e.g dry ice

freezing

liquid to solid

boiling

liquid to gas

condensing

gas to liquid

proton

charge=+1, location= nucleus, relative mass=1

neutron

charge=0, relative mass=1, location= nucleus

electron

charge=-1, relative mass= 1/1836, location= shells

(S)

solid

(L)

liquid

(G)

gas

(Aq)

dissolved in water

endothermic

energy taken in and temp decreases

exo thermic

energy released and temp increasesa\Z

elements are made up of how many types of atoms

one

compound

two or more different types of atoms chemicaly bonded

mixture

two or more different types of atoms not chemicaly bonded