Lesson 1 - Lesson 6

Keith Davis

“Communication is the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another person”

Fred G.

“Communication is the process of transmitting meanings, ideas, and understanding of a person or a group to another person or group”

Robert Anderson

“Communication is the interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information, by speech, writing, or signs”

Communication

It is the process of sending and receiving messages to achieve understanding

Oral Communication

It is a process consisting of sound representations that involve speaking and listening

Oral Communication

It is where speaking and listening almost happen simultaneously

Oral Communication

It is supplemented by gestures and facial expressions which are signs of feelings, experience, and interest

Oral Communication

It implies communication through mouth

Temporary Kind and Direct Interaction

The two types of Oral Communication

Oral Communication Process

It happens mutually between and among people through an identified stimulus

Identified Stimulus

Anything that triggers a response in the nervous system or the innate emotions of a person

Stage 1

Stage where the process begins with the presence of a stimulus brought about by the occurrence of an idea, a news, a remark, or a situation that activates the senses of the sender

Stage 1

Stage where a sender receives a stimulus to send a message, the brain begins to process what needs to be conveyed

Stage 1

Stage where encoding happens (acting on a stimulus)

Stage 2

stage where the brain receives the idea through the participation of tiny nerve fibers working as delivery agents

Stage 3

Stage where the ideas and thoughts are encoded into language symbols or words and understood by both the speaker and listener

Stage 4

stage where the speaker is now ready to externalize their thoughts to the listener and their surrounding environment

Stage 5

Stage where the speech sounds should be uttered in logically arranged sequence

Stage 5

Stage where the soundwaves are produced in the air

Stage 6

Stage where the message is brought by the soundwaves and movements of the speaker are seen by the listener

Stage 6

Stage where the listener senses what is going on because their visual and auditory nerves are activated

Basic process of communication

This happens when you put all three elements together–sender, receiver, and message

Sender

The communication process begins with the ____, who is also called the communicator or source

Sender; receiver

The first person to start the conversation is the ____ and the listener is the ____

Message

This type of element is the information that the sender wants to relay to the receiver

Message

This type of element is the most vital element in communication

Verbal and Non-Verbal

The two types of Message in Elements

Verbal

A type of message using words or spoken language

Non-Verbal

A type of message using gestures, body movements, and facial expressions

Channel

This type of element is also called the medium, it is the means by which a message is transmitted

Channel

This type of element is the route travelled by the message between the sender and receiver

Channel

In this type of element, it is required that the words and gestures used in communication should be clear to avoid misunderstanding and confusion

Noise

This type of element can be any sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received, or understood

Physical Noise and Psychological Noise

The two types of Noise in Elements

Physical Noise

This type of noise are loud sounds that alter the transfer of the message

Psychological Noise

This type of noise occurs in the minds of both sender and receiver

Setting

This type of element is the venue of the communication

Feedback

This type of element describes the receiver’s response or reaction to the sender’s message

Model

It is widely used to depict any idea

Model

It is a thought or a concept in a simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc.

Model

These are illustrations of how communication occurs that will aid us to have a better idea of the process of communication

Model of Communication

It is a conceptual representation that is used to explain the communication process

Linear, Interactive, and Transactional

The three general types of communication models

Linear Communication Model

This type of model presents communication as a one-way activity in which information flows from the sender to the receiver

Linear Communication Model

This type of model shows only a passive reader

Linear Communication Model

A type of model where feedback is not a part of the process

Aristotle Model of Communication

This type of model is the golden rule to excel in public speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes their point clear by designing an impressive content, passing on the message to the second part and they simply respond accordingly

Aristotle Model of Communication

In this type of model, the sender is the active member and the receiver is the passive one

Aristotle Model of Communication

In this type of model, the speaker must be very careful about their selection of words and content

Aristotle Model of Communication

In this type of model, making eye contact with the second party is again a must to create an impact among the listeners

Aristotle Model of Communication

In this type of model, the speaker should know where to lay more stress on, highlight which words to influence the listeners

Aristotle Model of Communication

A type of model where voice modulations also play a very important role in creating the desired effect

Wendell Johnson Model of Communication

This type of model is primary physiologically based, not interested in attitudes, social situations, speaker skills, or message organization rather in describing the main elements of communication

Wendell Johnson Model of Communication

This type of model emphasizes that various stages of communication are actually interrelated and interdependent

Wendell Johnson Model of Communication

In this type of model, the communication takes place in a context which is external to both sender and receiver and to process of communication as well

Wendell Johnson Model of Communication

In this type of model, an individual can respond to only a small number of stimuli from the environment

Event or Source Stimulation, Sensory Stimulation (Experiences), Pre-verbal Neurophysiological State (Bodily Changes), Transformation of Pre-Verbal into Symbolic Forms (Translation), and Verbal Formulations in Final Draft for Overt Expression (Creation of Pattern)

The Five Elements in Wendell Johnson Model of Communication

This type of model believes that for effective communication to take place, the source and the receiver need to be on the same level

Source

This type of element is situated where the message originates (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Communication Skills

This type of element is the skill of the individual to communicate (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Attitudes

This type of element includes attitudes towards the audience, subject and towards oneself (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Knowledge

In this type of element, the person needs to be knowledgeable about the subject or topic (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Social System

This type of element includes the various aspects of society like values beliefs, culture, religion and a general understanding of society; where the communication takes place (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Culture

This type of element comes under the social system; people can communicate only if the above requirements are met in the proper or adequate proportion (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Encoder

This type of element is the sender of the message (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Content

This type of element is the body of a message (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Elements

This type of element includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc. (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Treatment

This type of element refers to the way in which the message is conveyed (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Structure

This type of element refers to how the message is arranged (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Code

This type of element refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Channel

This type of element refers to the five sense organs (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Receiver

This type of element communicates/responds to sender effectively (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Decoder

This type of element is the person who receives the message and decodes it (Berlo’s SMCR Model)

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

In this type of model, there is a lack of feedback

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

This type of model does not mention the barriers to communication

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

In this type of model, there is no room for noise

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

This type of model is a rather complex model

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

This type of model is a linear model of communication

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

This type of model requires people to be on the same level for effective communication to happen

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

In this type of model, the main drawback is that it omits the usage of sixth sense as a channel of communication

Transactional Communication Model

This type of model presents communication as a simultaneous activity

Transactional Communication Model

In this type of model, senders and receivers are capable of both sending and receiving messages anytime or at the same time

Transactional Communication Model

In this type of model, the feedback includes non-verbal cues

Transactional Communication Model

This type of model takes into account that communicators react to the situation based on their own background

Transactional Communication Model

In this type of model, the diverse perceptions and backgrounds of the communicators influence their response to a particular communication situation

Shannon

____ was an American Mathematician and Electronic Engineer (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Weaver

____ was an American scientist (Shannon and Weaver Model)

1984

The time where the Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication was created

A Mathematical Theory of Communication

Shannon and Weaver joined together to write an article in “Bell System Technical Journal” called ____

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

This type of model simply proposes that a message originates from the person who gets the thought or has the information

Information Source

In the Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication, the sender is also called the ____

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

In this type of model, the information then gets transmitted from the brain to the mouth and comes out as a signal  which then reaches the recipient after joining hands with several noises and other disturbances

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

This type of model is specifically designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver

Noise

In the Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication, they found factors which affects the communication process called ____

Sender

This type of element is the originator of message or the information source selects the desire message (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Encoder

This type of element is the transmitter which converts the message into signals (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Decoder

This type of element is the reception place of the signal which converts signals into message (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Receiver

This type of element is the destination of the message from sender (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Noise

In this type of element, the message are transferred from encoder to decoder through channel and during this process, the message may be distracted or affected by physical noise (Shannon and Weaver Model)

Dean C. Barnlund

____ created Barnlund’s Transactional Model to understand basic interpersonal communication