GCSE PRE- Peace and conflict

What is justice?

making right or fair a situation that has been unfair or unjust

What is peace?

the absence of conflict, living in harmony without fear

What are Christian beliefs about justice?

many believe true peace cannot be achieved without justice, some believe a 'just war' is needed to stop injustice

What is a 'just war'?

A war where people believe can be justified as it is fighting against injustice or evil

What are Jewish beliefs against justice?

the ideal is peace, justice is vital for peace

What are Christian teachings for peace and justice?

"peace I leave with you, my peace I give to you"- NT (Jesus)

What are Jewish teachings for peace and justice?

"Shalom"- the Jewish greeting meaning peace

What is forgiveness?

to accept someone for their wrongdoing and not holding it against them

What is reconciliation?

coming together of people or groups who have been in conflict

What are Christian attitudes and beliefs towards forgiveness?

Forgiveness seen as key concept in Christianity, message of Jesus was to forgive people

What are Christian teachings on forgiveness?

"father forgive them"- NT, when Jesus died on the cross he forgave those who killed him

"forgive not seven times, but seventy seven times"- NT, Jesus says how many times people should forgive someone

What are Jewish attitudes and beliefs towards forgiveness?

Forgiveness is a key concept in Judaism, good 'religious health' is only achieved through forgiveness

What are Jewish teachings on forgiveness?

"Teshuva" (repentance) is vital for righting a wrong and gaining forgiveness

What are the two types of law?

civil law and criminal law

What is democracy?

'power of the people' or governed by the people

What are the types of protests?

marches, strikes, violence, petitions, war, terrorism, boycotts, vandalism, public disorder, etc.

What are Christian beliefs and attitudes towards violence?

teaches non-violence, but humans have free will

What are Christian teachings on disagreeing with violence?

• "turn the other cheek"- NT

• "love your enemies and pray for them"- NT

What are Christian teachings on agreeing with violence?

"if you don not have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one"- NT (Jesus)

What are Jewish beliefs and attitudes on violence?

allows protests against injustice, protest supported by scripture (Abraham and Moses both protest to God), to not protest in injustice is just as bad as doing the injustice

Why does violence erupt?

when emotions run high

What is terrorism?

use or threat of violence to recreate fear through psychological impact, targeted at civilians; to achieve an ideological or political goal

What are the types of terrorism?

mass shooting, biological attack, chemical attack, cyber attack, hostage taking, suicide bombing, hijacking, bomb threat, bombings, knife attack, attack using vehicles

What are Christian beliefs on terrorism?

the weak and unfortunate are blessed in society, do not kill, 2 wrongs don't make a right

What are Christian teachings on terrorism?

• "Do not kill"- ten commandments

• "Do not repay anyone evil with evil"- NT

What are Jewish teachings on terrorism?

"do not kill"- ten commandments

What are weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)?

weapons with the ability to kill many and bring harm to numerous individuals, destroying infrastructure.

What are the 4 types of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)?

Biological, chemical, nuclear, radiological

What are chemical WMDs?

toxic chemicals with the ability to cause deaths to humans and animals

What are examples of chemical WMDs?

choking agents, nerve agents (banned by Geneva convention), blister agents, blood agents

What are nuclear WMDs?

weapons with the ability to destroy life within their range, causing long term damage through explosions

What are examples of nuclear WMDs?

nuclear missiles

What is biological warfare?

known as 'germ warfare', using the spread of living diseases with bacteria to kill enemies

What are radiological weapons?

conventional explosives able to dispense radioactive materials into the atmosphere, making the area damaged dangerous and unusable

What are examples of radiological weapons?

'dirty bombs'

What religious beliefs does WMDs go against?

• the sanctity of life- the idea that life is given by god and is sacred.

• most religious people and all religions disagree with WMDs and protests against them as they are too extreme and could be uncontrollable

What is the reason for having a WMD?

Deterrence to make countries 'feel safe', stop countries form attacking others

What are the reasons not to have WMDs?

expensive to make and maintain

What is a Christian teaching on WMDs?

"love your enemies and pray for them"- jesus

What is a Jewish teaching on WMDs?

"the world is the Lord's, and everything in it"- Psalms

What are the main reasons for war?

Greed, self defence, retaliation

What are Christian views and beliefs on war?

war has to be the last resort, message of love taught by Jesus, 'just wars' are acceptable

What are Jewish beliefs and views on war?

religious duty in early days of Judaism, forbidden to take delight in war or its victory, when the Messiah comes all weapons would be destroyed and turned into peaceful tools, war is a last resort

What are Christian teachings on war?

• "love your neighbour"- NT

• "love your enemies"- NT

What are Jewish teachings on war?

• "whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed"- Talmud

• "shalom"- greeting in Judaism meaning 'peace'

How are people affected by war?

loss of family, loss of possessions and possibly money, no basic supplies, injuries, psychological trauma, homelessness, bereavement, refugees

How do religious organisations help victims of war?

provide food and clean water, raise money and awareness, provide shelter, help refugees to safety, pray, etc.

What are Christian beliefs about victims of war?

"love your neighbour"- NT

"love your enemies"- NT

What are Jewish beliefs about victims of war?

• Tikkun Olam'- healing the world

• 'Pikuach Nefesh'- to save a life

What is a 'holy war'?

fighting for religious cause or God

What are the 3 criteria for a holy war?

• has a religious goal

• authorised by a religious leader

• spiritual rewards for those who take part