Unit 2 AP Afro Sources

Juan Garrido's Petition, 1538

Letter to the king Garrido is seeking payment for his service as a military soldier during the time of Conquistadors.

Image of Juan Garrido on a Spanish Expedition, Sixteenth Century

Self-explanatory evidence that the first Africans to the 'New World' were not Permanent involuntary hereditary slaves.

Overview of the Slave Trade Out of Africa

Map showing how many left from Africa and their final destination.

Regional Origins of Enslaved People Forcibly Transported to North America

Percentages of human beings taken from parts of Africa.

On Being Brought from Africa to America by Phillis Wheatley, 1773

Poem with a description of what it was like to be enslaved.

Excerpt from Chapter 2 of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself, 1789

Excerpt describing life at this part of the Slave Trade process.

Stowage of the British Slave Ship Brookes, Early Nineteenth Century

Image of Slave ship diagram systematic arrangement of captives designed to maximize profit by transporting as many people as possible (Tight Packing).

Plea to the Jurisdiction of Cinque and Others, 1839

Outcome-Africans were not Spanish slaves, being captured as free men in Africa, and he ordered the U.S. to release them from prison and transport them back to Africa.

Sketches of the Captive Survivors from the Amistad Trial, 1839

See above description of Amistad case.

Stowage, by Willie Cole, 1997

The detailed vertical faces of the iron represent the various African communities that would have traveled in a slave ship, and the horizontal image represents the ship itself.

Excerpt from Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, 1853

Provides an eyewitness account in his narrative.

Auction of Enslaved Persons at the Charleston Courthouse, 1859

List of Slaves for sale at Charleston Court House.

Sugar Cane Harvest, Antigua, West Indies, 1823

Painting depicting Slaves working in the field.

Advertising 'Valuable Slaves at Auction' in New Orleans, 1859

List of Slaves for sale at a hotel in New Orleans.

Rice Fanner Basket, Circa 1863

The rice fanner basket conveys the transfer of agricultural and artistic knowledge from Africa to the United States.

Articles 1-10 from the Louisiana Slave Code (Code Noir, or Black Code), 1724

Slave laws rooted in French Slave laws designed to remove the status of Slaves within society.

Article I, Section 2 and Article IV, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, 1787

Evidence of the federal government involvement in Slave trade.

Excerpt from Dred Scott's Plea and Chief Justice Roger B. Taney's Opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

Scott and his family moved around with their owner. They were in a free state and tried to purchase their freedom.

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

Court case which determined the outcome of a Slave Dred Scott.

Laws of Virginia, Act XII, General Assembly, 1662

Law examining the relationship between free and Slave human beings with an emphasis on female Slave women.

Am I Not a Woman and a Sister? from The Liberator, 1849

This source is a plea to recognize the difference between free White women and enslaved Black women.

Slave Status

Legal condition limiting rights of enslaved individuals.

Appliqued Quilted Bedcover

Artifact merging African and American quilting traditions.

Frederick Douglass

Former slave and prominent abolitionist leader.

Educated Slaves

Slaves who gained literacy, posing risks to slavery.

David Drake

Enslaved potter known for inscribing poetry on jars.

Gospel Performance

Musical expression reflecting spirituality during adversity.

Steal Away to Jesus

Gospel song composed by Wallace Willis, formerly enslaved.

Call and Response

Musical form used in African American spirituals.

Stono Rebellion

Slave uprising in South Carolina, 1739.

Haiti Constitution

Document defining race and ending slavery in Haiti.

Frederick Douglass's Lecture

Talk promoting Haiti's revolution at Chicago World's Fair.

Jacob Lawrence

Artist depicting the Haitian Revolution through paintings.

Letter from Thomas Jefferson

Correspondence expressing concern over potential slave revolts.

Maria W. Stewart

First Black woman to publish a political manifesto.

Maroons

Descendants of escaped slaves forming independent communities.

Ambush on Dromilly Estate

Surprise attack by Maroons in Jamaica, 1801.

The Hunted Slaves

Artwork depicting enslaved individuals escaping and fighting.

Festival of Our Lady of the Rosary

Celebration showcasing Afro-Catholic customs in Brazil.

Escravo Mina

Depiction of enslaved children arriving in Brazil.

Capoeira

Martial art combining dance, music, and cultural expression.

Diary Entry by Gen. Jesup

Account of capturing Black Seminoles during Seminole War.

Abraham, Black Seminole Leader

Leader of Black Seminoles during the Seminole War.

Gopher John

Black interpreter aiding in the Seminole War.

Freedmen's Rights

Rights sought by formerly enslaved individuals.

Native American Slavery

Slavery practices differing among Native American tribes.

Emigrationists

Advocates for relocating African Americans abroad.

Black Nationalism

Movement promoting African American self-determination.

Martin R. Delany

Proponent of black nationalism and emigration.

West India Emancipation

Discussion on British West Indies slave freedom.

David Walker

Advocate for immediate abolition through moral suasion.

Henry Highland Garnet

Urged enslaved people to rebel violently.

Harriet Tubman

Key figure in the Underground Railroad.

I Go to Prepare a Place for You

Bisa Butler's quilt reflecting Tubman's legacy.

Mary Prince

First black woman to publish a slave autobiography.

Harriet Jacobs

Documented sexual violence against enslaved women.

Civil War-Era Involvement

Participation of African Americans in the Civil War.

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Poet highlighting African American Civil War contributions.

General Order 3

Proclamation freeing enslaved people in Texas.

Juneteenth

Celebration marking the end of slavery in Texas.

Jubilee Day

Former name for Juneteenth celebrations.

Emancipation Day

Another term for Juneteenth, celebrating freedom.

Spirituals

Songs sung during early Juneteenth celebrations.

Underground Railroad

Network aiding enslaved people to escape.

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionist who sold cartes-de-visite for funds.

Benjamin Drew

Author of Tubman's reflections on slavery.

Natural Rights

Philosophy underpinning abolitionist arguments.

Moral Suasion

Persuading others to abolish slavery through ethics.

Violent Resistance

Advocacy for forceful rebellion against slavery.

Abolitionist Movement

Campaign to end slavery in the United States.