Studied by 7 people
13th Amendment
abolished slavery 1865
The 14th Amendment
It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War. 1868
The 15th Amendment
guaranteed that the right to vote could not be denied based on “race, color, or previous condition 1870
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865
Exodusters
It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War.
The New South
racial segregation and abusive labor practices for poor and especially black people are still a major hallmark of the era.
Sharecropping
Form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land
Jim Crow & Black Codes
a series of restrictive laws that were imposed on African Americans, State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States
Literacy tests
Test to assess literacy skills; historically used for voter disenfranchisement
Poll tax
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources
Grandfather clause
Provision in which existing cases are exempt from a new rule which will apply to future cases
Booker T Washington vs WEB Dubois
W.E.B. Du Bois believed that civil rights could be attained through revolution movements while Booker T. Washington insisted that civil rights could be achieved through evolution.
Plessy v Ferguson
1896 U.S. Supreme Court case on racial segregation
The Use of Violence—KKK & KKK Acts
an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group
The Election of 1876 and the Compromise of 1877
The 1876 United States presidential election, Settlement of the 1876 U.S. presidential election
The Lost Cause Narrative \n
American historical negationist ideology that holds that the cause of the Confederacy during the American Civil War was a just and heroic one
The Gilded Age: Why is it called this?
\n
ironic comment on the difference between a true golden age and their present time, a period of booming prosperity in the United States that created a class of the super-rich.
Monopoly
exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action.
Oligopoly
Market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers
Carnegie Steel
\n
Company was a steel-producing company primarily created by Andrew Carnegie
John Rockefeller
American business magnate and philanthropist
JP Morgan
\n
a global leader in financial services, offering solutions to the world's most important corporations, governments and institutions in more than 100 countries.
Vertical Integration
Business arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is owned by that company
Horizontal Integration
Increasing production of at the same level of the supply chain through acquisition, merger or internal expansion
Brooklyn Bridge
The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.
Thomas Edison
American inventor and businessman
Nicholas Tesla
a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current electricity supply system.
AC & DC Power
difference between AC and DC power is the direction the electrons flow. (alternating and direct current)
Sky Scrappers
a very tall building of many stories.
Steam Engine: Inventor & Importance
\n
James Watt-first practical steam engines were developed to solve a very specific problem: how to remove water from flooded mines
Tenements
\n
A tenement is a type of building shared by multiple dwellings
Jacob Riis How the Other Half Lives
\n
early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s. The photographs served as a basis for future "muckraking" journalism by exposing the slums to New York City's upper and middle classes.
Statue of Liberty & Emma Lazarus The New Colossus
a sonnet by American poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887). She wrote the poem in 1883 to raise money for the construction of a pedestal for the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). In 1903, the poem was cast onto a bronze plaque and mounted inside the pedestal's lower level.
Chinese Exclusion Act
Act of US Congress in 1882 that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers
Quota Acts of the 1920’s
\n
a law passed that allowed a certain amount of people from each country to migrate to the US
Free Market
\n
A free-market is a market, where individuals (or groups of individuals) compete against each other to trade goods and services with other individuals (groups), under a legal system
Capitalism
Capitalism refers to the creation of wealth and ownership of capital, production, and distribution, whereas a free market system has to do with the exchange of wealth or goods and services.
1st Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States, that occurred during the period from around 1760 to about 1820–1840
2nd Industrial Revolution
a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardization, mass production, and industrialization
Political Machines
In the politics of representative democracies, a political machine is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives
Laissez-faire
Abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market
Boss Tweed
\n
the political boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party's political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th-century New York City and state
Thomas Nast
Thomas Nast was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon".
Lincoln Steffens
Lincoln Austin Steffens was an American investigative journalist and one of the leading muckrakers of the Progressive Era in the early 20th century.
Spoils System
\n
Practice where a newly elected political party gives civil service jobs to supporters and cronies
William McKinley
\n
William McKinley was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901.
Dollar Diplomacy
form of American foreign policy to minimize the use or threat of military force and instead further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through the use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.
Motivations for Imperialism
\n
Economic Growth
Power & Military Superiority
Nationalism/
Manifest Destiny –
Religious/Racial Superiority
\n
Yellow Journalism & jingoism
\n
Yellow journalism is a pejorative reference to journalism that features scandal-mongering, sensationalism, jingoism or other unethical or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or individual journalists.
What were the arguments for and against imperialism by the US?
\n
Against Imperialism. It takes a lot of military involvement to maintain control of foreign areas. Against Imperialism. U.S. should stay isolated and protected by the oceans.
Teddy Roosevelt
\n
was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909.
Big Stick Diplomacy
\n
The Big Stick Diplomacy is by President Theodore Roosevelt which was based on the theory that the United States could use force to maintain stability in Latin America. It was in the Roosevelt Corollary that the U.S. use “international police power” in Latin America.
Spanish American War
a period of armed conflict between Spain and the United States. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
Platt Amendment
a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention.
Panama Canal
\n
The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America.
Monroe Doctrine /Roosevelt Corollary
\n
Roosevelt announced the new Latin American policy that soon became known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: because that doctrine forbade European use of force in the New World, the United States would itself take whatever action was necessary to guarantee that Latin American states gave no cause for such European intervention.
Woodrow Wilson
\n
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
Moral Diplomacy
\n
a style of international affairs attempting to motivate foreign countries to become democratic, aligning with the Unites States' values.
World War I
\n
a war (1914–18) in which the Central Powers (Germany and Austria–Hungary, joined later by Turkey and Bulgaria) were defeated by an alliance of Britain and its dominions, France, Russia, and others, joined later by Italy and the US.
Treaty of Versailles
\n
Most important of the peace treaties of the First World War which ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers
Wilson’s 14 Points
Open diplomacy without secret treaties
Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace
Equal trade conditions
Decrease armaments among all nations
Adjust colonial claims
Evacuation of all Central Powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence
Belgium to be evacuated and restored
Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all French territories
Readjust Italian borders
Austria-Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination
Redraw the borders of the Balkan region creating Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro
Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles
Creation of an independent Polish state
Creation of the League of Nations
League of Nations
\n
20th-century intergovernmental organisation, predecessor to the United Nations
Global Impact of WWI
severely disrupted the European economies and allowed the United States to become the world's leading creditor and industrial power.
Causes of WWI:
M
A
I
N
\n
militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism
US involvement in WWI: When? Why? How?
\n
April 6 1917, Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare, which had already sunk several American merchant ships. The U.S. was initially contributed to the war by supplying raw material, supplies and money.
Red Summer & Chicago Race Riots
\n
Chicago Race Riot of 1919, most severe of approximately 25 race riots throughout the U.S. in the “Red Summer” (meaning “bloody”)
1920’s Immigration Policy & effects
\n
New immigrants were used to break strikes and were blamed for the deterioration in wages and working conditions. Immigrants also increased the demand for already scarce housing, increasing rent pri
Palmer Raids
The Palmer Raids marked the height of the nation's first Red Scare, a response to the Bolshevik Revolution and communist takeover of Russia
Scopes Monkey Trial
American legal case from July 10 to July 21, 1925, in which a high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it illegal for teachers to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.
Urban North vs Rural South
rural=less people and more land urban= more building and more people
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s.
Immigrants
a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Graft
form of political corruption in which an official gains something due to a position of power, trust, or insider knowledge.
Candidates for 1896 Election
William McKinley, William J. Bryan
McKinely vs Bryan
Why was this election important?
Who won the election of 1896?
Why?
Because it turned off bryans argarians polices and mickinely forged a conservative coliation. Mikenly won the elcetion. Spanish-American war helped him win.
What were the goals of strikes? What were often the responses?
a refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer:
Homestead Strike
violent labour dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and many of its workers that occurred on July 6, 1892
Great Railroad Strike
series of violent rail strikes across the United States in 1877
Pullman Car Strike
The Pullman Strike was two interrelated strikes in 1894 that shaped national labor policy in the United States during a period of deep economic depression.
What was the purpose of labor unions?
A labor union is an organization formed by workers in a particular trade, industry, or company for the purpose of improving pay, benefits, and working conditions.
Progressives: Who were they? What problems did they try to solve?
they were people who wanted to make america a better place to live, wanted to solve politcal and social reforms.
Triangle Shirtwaist factory: causes & effects
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Causes One of the workers threw an old cigarette butt in the scrap bin. There were many flammable objects/materials used in the factory such as wooden tables, cotton, and paper patterns.
Muckrakers
The muckrakers were reform-minded journalists in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in popular magazines.
Direct Primary
an election where voters choose the eventual general election candidates for each political party.
17th Amendment
allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. Senators
Initiative
the ability to assess and initiate things independently:
Referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
Recall
bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one's mind; remember:
Temperance
Temperance began in the early 1800s as a movement to limit drinking in the United States.
Prohibition
the action of forbidding something, especially by law:
Theodore Roosevelt
President of the United States from 1901 to 1909
Why was Teddy Roosevelt unique as a President?
His Platform Inspired Both Conservatives & Progressives.
What was Teddy’s roll in the economy?
drove America out of the great depression and through the second world war.
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, which reflected his three major goals: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.
Trust Busting
Trust busting is the manipulation of an economy, carried out by governments around the world, in an attempt to prevent or eliminate monopolies and corporate trusts.
The Jungle
A highly influential book by "muckraker" Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair
US novelist and social reformer; full name Upton Beall Sinclair. He agitated for social justice in 79 books, including The Jungle (1906) and the 11-volume “Lanny Budd” series (1940–53).
Pure Food and Drug Act
a federal law that mandates for the inspection of meat products and forbids the sales, manufacturing or transportation
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Flashcard (63)