chem study sheet

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74 Terms

1

liquid to solid

freezing

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2

solid to liquid

melting

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3

solid to gas

sublimation

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4

gas to solid

deposition

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5

gas to liquid

condensation

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6

liquid to gas

evaporation

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7

physichal properties

how it looks physically: Shape, Colour, temperature, change in state of matter

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8

chemical properties

Characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances. How it's made up chemically

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9

physical change

nothing new is created and only the appearance changes. Can be reversed. eg:ice cream melting, boiling water

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10

chemical change

a different substance is formed. not reversible. Gas, shape, colour, smell, temperature eg:burning wood, food rotting

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11

element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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12

compound

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.

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13

mixtures

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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14

mechanical mixture

you can see the different substances that make up the mixture called heterogeneous. eg. trail mix, salad

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15

solution

you cannot see the different substances that make up the mixture. called homogeneous eg. juice powder in water

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16

Suspention

a cloudy mixture where tiny particles are held within another eg:orange juice with pulp

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17

colloid

cloudy mixture where the tiny suspended particles cannot be separated eg.milk

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18

calculating neutrons

atomic mass - atomic number

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19

atom

particle of matter that makes up everything and is so tiny that we cannot see it.

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20

electron

negatively charged particle

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21

proton

positively charged particle

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22

neutron

A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge

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23

nucleus

Center of an atom

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24

atomic mass

quantity of matter in an atom. found under the symbol

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25

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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26

period

horizontal row in the periodic table

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27

group

Vertical column in the periodic table. similiar elements are in a group

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28

metals

solid, shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, very malleable(strong) and ductile(be stretched into a wire).

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29

non-metals

some solid, some gas, not very shiny, poor conductors, brittle and not ductile.

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30

metalloids

have qualities of metals and non-metals. They are solid, dull or shiny, sometimes conduct electricity but not heat, brittle and not ductile.

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31

alkali metals

most reactive metals: in group 1

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32

alkaline earth metals

second most reactive: in group 2

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33

halogens

most reactive nonmetals: group 17

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34

noble gases

stable and non-reactive gasses: in group 18

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35

saftey hazard symbols

hazard symbols not used for the workplace

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36

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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37

Yellow triangle

caution

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38

orange diamond

warning

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39

red diamond

danger

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40

saftey hazard symbols

flammable, compressed gas, corrosive, oxidizing, harmful, health hazard, toxic, explosive

<p>flammable, compressed gas, corrosive, oxidizing, harmful, health hazard, toxic, explosive</p>
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41

WHMIS symbols

compressed gas, flammable material, oxziding, explosion, harmful, biohazardous, corrosive, health hazard, harmful, harmful to enviroment

<p>compressed gas, flammable material, oxziding, explosion, harmful, biohazardous, corrosive, health hazard, harmful, harmful to enviroment</p>
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42

Ionic compounds

metal + non-metal

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43

where are metals located on the periodic table?

everywhere on the left side of the staircase

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44

where are non-metals?

on the right side of the staircase minus the metalloids

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45

molecular compounds

non-metal + non metal

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46

what does (s), (l), (g), (aq) mean?

(s)=solid (l)=liquid (g)=gas (aq)=aqueous/anything dissolved in water

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47

how many atoms are in H2O?

H2O: H=2 O=1, Atoms=3

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48

iconic compounds are what at room temp?

solid

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49

do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

yes

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50

how do you name ionic compounds?

balance them out by making a chart or switching the charges when it’s over 1

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51

Calcium= 2+ and Nitrogen= 3- what’s the compound name?

Ca3N2

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52

Sodium= 1+ Phosphorus= 3- what’s the compound name?

Na3P

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53

Platinum= 4+ oxygen= 2- what’s the compound name?

PtO2 because of lowest terms

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54

What does it mean when an element has a roman numeral?

It means that the element has more than one charge and the roman numeral depicts which one it has eg. Cu2+ = Cu(ll) or Cu+ = Cu(l)

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55

molecular compounds are what at room temp?

either a solid, liquid, or gas

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56

how do you write the names of molecular compounds?

by using prefixes eg. CO2 Carbon Dioxide= Carbon:1- and oxygen:2-

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57

what are the molecular prefixes up to 6?

1:mono

2:di

3:tri

4:tetra

5:penta

6:hexa

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58

reactants

the materials at the beginning of a chemical reaction

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59

product

the new created substance at the end of a reaction

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60

Evidence of a chemical change (gpcsh)

gas, precipitate, colour, shape, heat

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61

exothermic

release heat or energy (hot) eg. making an ice cube, burning wood

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62

endothermic

absorbs heat or energy (cold) eg. boiling water, formation of frost

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63

combustion

a substance reacts with oxygen and produces CO2 and H2O

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64

corrosion

reacts with oxygen to slowly create rust

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65

law of conservation of mass

matter is not created or destroyed

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66

how do you calculate how much product or reactant is missing using the law of conservation?

the products should equal the the reactant and the reactants should equal the product when you add them

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67

open system

products and reactants can escape

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68

closed system

products and reactants can’t escape

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69

catalysts

increase the speed of a chemical reaction

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70

concentration

more ____ make bigger and faster reactions

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71

temperature

hotter= faster reactions

colder=slower reactions

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72

surface area

higher=faster reactions

lower=slower reactions

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73

qualitative

qualities of an element

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74

quantitative

the number parts of an element

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