Studied by 4 people
What is the function of the bones in the body?
Bones provide structure, support, and protection for internal organs.
What are the types of bones in the human body?
There are four types: long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
What is the largest bone in the human body?
The femur, or thigh bone.
What is the role of the skeleton in movement?
The skeleton acts as a framework that muscles pull against to create movement.
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.
What are ligaments?
Fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints.
What are tendons?
Tough bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones.
What is red bone marrow?
Tissue found in bones that produces blood cells.
What are the key functions of muscles in the body?
Muscles facilitate movement, maintain posture, and produce heat.
What are the three types of muscles?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
What is skeletal muscle responsible for?
Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements.
What is the role of smooth muscle?
Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary movements, such as those in the digestive system.
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle makes up the heart and is responsible for pumping blood.
What is muscle contraction?
The process where muscle fibers shorten and generate force.
What is an antagonist muscle?
A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.
What is an agonist muscle?
A muscle that contracts to produce a movement.
What is a synergist muscle?
A muscle that assists the agonist in performing a movement.
What role does calcium play in muscle function?
Calcium ions are essential for muscle contraction.
What is the function of the vertebrae?
Vertebrae protect the spinal cord and support the head and body.
What are the main components of the skull?
The cranium and facial bones.
What bones comprise the rib cage?
The ribs and sternum.
What is osteoporosis?
A condition that weakens bones and makes them more susceptible to fractures.
What is a synovial joint?
A joint that allows for a wide range of motion, such as the knee or elbow.
What is the role of cartilage?
Cartilage provides cushioning at joints and reduces friction.
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain is an injury to a ligament, while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon.
What are the quadriceps?
A group of muscles located at the front of the thigh.
What are the hamstrings?
Muscles located at the back of the thigh, involved in bending the knee.
What is the role of the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid is responsible for shoulder abduction and arm rotation.
What is the gastrocnemius?
The calf muscle that flexes the foot and knee.
What are the biceps?
Muscles located on the front of the upper arm that flex the elbow.
What are the triceps?
Muscles located on the back of the upper arm that extend the elbow.
What is a tendonitis?
Inflammation of a tendon caused by overuse or injury.
What is the clavicle?
The collarbone, connecting the arm to the body.
How many bones are in the adult human body?
There are typically 206 bones in an adult human body.
What is joint mobility?
The range of motion available at a joint.
What is flexibility?
The ability of muscles and tendons to stretch and allow for movement.
What is the primary muscle involved in breathing?
The diaphragm.
What is muscle atrophy?
The wasting away or decrease in size of muscle tissue.
What is the role of the Achilles tendon?
Connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, allowing for walking and running.
What is the function of hip flexors?
Muscles that allow you to lift your knees and bend at the waist.
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
A group of muscles that stabilize and allow for movement of the shoulder.
What is the importance of weight-bearing exercise?
Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones and prevent osteoporosis.
What does R.I.C.E stand for in injury treatment?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
What is muscle hypertrophy?
The increase in muscle size due to strength training.
What are the major muscles of the back?
Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and erector spinae.
What is the role of the rectus abdominis?
Muscle responsible for flexing the spine and compressing the abdomen.
What is the significance of posture?
Good posture helps prevent injuries and supports overall body function.
What are scapulae?
The shoulder blades that connect the humerus with the clavicle.
What role do forearm muscles play?
They are involved in gripping and forearm rotation.
What is the significance of the pectoral muscles?
Pectoral muscles are important for arm movement and stability.
What is the function of the tibia?
The tibia is the shinbone, supporting weight and forming the lower leg.
What is the fibula?
A thinner bone that runs alongside the tibia, providing stability.
What is the role of the serratus anterior muscle?
Helps in the upward rotation of the scapula.
What are the functions of the central nervous system in relation to muscles?
The central nervous system controls muscle movement and coordination.
What contributes to muscle endurance?
Muscle endurance is the ability to sustain prolonged exercise through training.
What role does the latissimus dorsi play?
It is responsible for movements such as pulling, reaching, and lifting.
What is the role of the intercostal muscles?
Muscles located between the ribs that assist with breathing.
What is the importance of core muscles?
Core muscles support stability, balance, and posture.
What is the role of ligaments in the knee joint?
Ligaments help stabilize the knee joint and prevent excessive movement.
What is the impact of aging on bones and muscles?
Aging can lead to decreased bone density and muscle mass.
What is a fracture?
A break in the bone due to trauma or stress.
What is the function of the ulna?
The ulna is the bone in the forearm that forms the elbow joint.
What is the role of the radius?
The radius is involved in the rotation of the wrist.
What is muscle soreness?
Discomfort following physical activity, often due to micro-tears in muscle fibers.
What exercises improve muscle strength?
Resistance training exercises such as weight lifting.
What role does nutrition play in muscle health?
Proper nutrition provides the necessary building blocks for muscle repair and growth.
What is the role of the sartorius muscle?
It is involved in flexing, abducting, and laterally rotating the hip.
What is the role of the vastus lateralis?
It is one of the quadriceps muscles, aiding in knee extension.
What is the importance of warm-up and cool-down?
Warm-up prepares the muscles for exercise, while cool-down aids recovery.
What is the role of the gluteus maximus?
It is the largest muscle in the buttock that aids in hip extension.
What is a muscle cramp?
A sudden, involuntary tightening of a muscle.
What is the role of the obliques?
Muscles involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine.
What is a stress fracture?
A small crack in the bone caused by repetitive force or overuse.
What impact does dehydration have on muscle function?
Dehydration can lead to decreased performance and increased risk of cramps.
What are the hip adductor muscles?
Muscles responsible for bringing the legs together.
What is the role of the soleus muscle?
It helps in standing and walking by plantar flexing the foot.
What are the small muscles in the hand responsible for?
They control fine motor skills and dexterity.
What is the effect of resistance training on bones?
It promotes bone density and strength.
What is dynamic stretching?
Stretching that involves movement to improve range of motion.
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
It stabilizes the knee joint and prevents excessive forward movement of the tibia.
What is a hernia?
A condition where an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue.
The ____ is the longest bone in the human body.
femur
The bones in the spine are known as ____.
vertebrae
The ____ connects the arm to the body at the shoulder.
clavicle
The lumbar region consists of ____ vertebrae.
five
____ bones are responsible for protecting vital organs, such as the skull protecting the brain.
Flat
The shinbone is also known as the ____.
tibia
The kneecap is officially called the ____.
patella
The ____ is the bone found on the medial side of the forearm.
ulna
The adult human body typically has ____ bones.
206
The rib cage is primarily composed of ____ bones.
ribs and sternum
The scapula is commonly referred to as the ____ blade.
shoulder
The ____ is a type of synovial joint found in the shoulder and hip.
ball-and-socket joint
The ____ provides structure for the face.
facial bones
The ___ bones of the back support the body and protect the spinal cord.
vertebral
The main function of ligaments is to connect ____ to ____ at the joints.
bone, bone
Tendons attach ____ to ____.
muscle, bone
Inflammation of a joint may indicate a condition called _____.
arthritis
The flat bone that forms the forehead is known as the ____ bone.
frontal
Note 
Flashcard (24)