Dr. Koh Apoptosis FunSci 1

does not

cell death occurs at specific developmental time points, so cells undergoing apoptosis (does/does not) vary between worms

critical

apoptosis is _ for normal physiological development and function

homeostasis in adults

apoptosis is said to maintain in adults

aging

senescence refers to apoptosis's role in

neutrophils

apoptosis regulates the death of following an immune response

toxic

stimuli, such as radiation, heat, and hypoxia, cause cell stress, including oxidative stress

cancer

cells are often resistant to apoptotic processes

too much

neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are a result of (too much/too little) cell death

apoptosis

_ is an appropriate pathway for programmed cell death where the plasma membrane remains intact

does not

apoptosis (does/does not) elicit an immune response

necrosis

_ refers to completely unplanned and inappropriate cell death (energy is not required)

swelling

during necrosis, osmotic pressure causes cell _

inflammation

necrosis is highly immunogenic, causing _

condensation

chromatin occurs during apoptosis when chromatin aggregates on the underside of the nuclear envelope and may be broken up into multiple fragments

blebs

cytoplasmic occur at the cell surface due to fragmentation into apoptotic bodies

active

apoptosis is an (active/passive) process

passive

necrosis is a (active/passive process)

necrosis

does apoptosis or necrosis cause inflammation?

caspase

a group of proteases that catalyze cleavage of target proteins and are active in apoptosis

inhibitor

(activator/inhibitor) caspases primarily function to activate the executioner caspases

executioner

caspases execute cell death by degrading cellular components

macrophages

apoptotic cells are phagocytized by _

extrinsic

(extrinsic/intrinsic) apoptosis is initiated by the activaiton of death receptors, such as TNF receptors and Fas

intrinsic

(extrinsic/intrinsic) apoptosis is the result of increased mitochondrial permeability and release of pro-apoptotic molecules into the cytoplasm

increase

Bax and Bad proteins (increase/decrease) cell death

decrease

Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and IAP proteins (increase/decrease) cell death

autophagy

is a reversible form of cell death that features the presence of vacuoles and is induced by nutrient deprivation (making it reversible)