Khan Academy AP CSP Vocab Big Idea 4 - Computer Systems and Networks

Computing Device

A physical device that can run a program, such as a computer, smart phone, or smart sensor

Computer Network

A group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed period of time over a network connection, typically measured in bits per second

Protocol

An agreed upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system

Scalability

The ability of a system to adjust in scale to meet new demands

Internet Protocol (IP)

The protocol that determines how to address nodes on the network (with IP addresses) and how to route data from one node to a destination node (using routers)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A data transport protocol that includes mechanisms for reliably transmitting packets to a destination

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A lightweight data transport protocol with minimal error checking

World Wide Web

A system of linked pages, media, and files, browsable over HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The protocol that powers the Web, used to request webpages from servers and submit form data to servers

Parallel computing

A computational model which splits a program into multiple tasks, some of which can be executed simultaneously

Speedup

The improvement in the amount of time a parallelized program takes to solve a problem, computed as the amount of time to complete the task sequentially divided by the amount of time to complete the task when run in parallel

Distributed computing

A computational model which uses multiple devices to run different parts of a program