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D. Sitting shoulder abduction with elbow flexed to 90º then sitting shoulder abduction with elbow extended
From the image, below we can determine that the Tibialis Anterior muscle helps to flex the foot upward (dorsiflexion) because it’s line of action passes ______________:
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C. anterior to the coronal axis of the ankle joint
If the line of action of the muscle lies posterior to the longitudinal axis of rotation, it will produce ____________ at the joint.
A. Adduction
B. Internal rotation
C. Abduction
D. External rotation
D. External rotation
Identify the moment the ground reaction force is producing at the hip joint in Situation A
A. Adduction moment
B. Abduction moment
C. Extension moment
D. Flexion moment
A. Adduction moment
Identify the moment the ground reaction force is producing at the knee joint in Situation C
A. Adduction (Varus) moment
B. Abduction (Valgus) moment
C. Extension moment
D. Flexion moment
B. Abduction (Valgus) moment
You are solving a problem involving static equilibrium and a third class lever system. The external force of gravity is given to be 850 N. You calculate that the internal force representing the muscle is 400 N. Based on the information given, is your answer correct?
False
because…Since it is a 3rd class level, the muscle effort is closer to the fulcrum and is at a mechanical disadvantage. Hence, to maintain static equilibrium, as the moment arm is lesser compared to moment arm of the external force (load), the force produced by the muscle has to be more than the external force.
Based on the figure shown below, which of the statements is correct?
A. The tangential component (Fx) is producing an external flexion moment at the knee
B. The normal component (Fy) is producing an external flexion moment at the knee
C. The tangential component (Fy) is producing an external flexion moment at the knee
D. The normal component (Fx) is producing an external flexion moment at the knee
B. The normal component (Fy) is producing an external flexion moment at the knee
Which of the following statements is true in regard to the isometric plank exercise position shown below?
A .Only the net angular acceleration is zero
B. Only the net linear acceleration is zero
C. Both the net angular and linear accelerations are zero
D. Neither the net angular acceleration nor the net linear acceleration is zero
C. Both the net angular and linear accelerations are zero
According to impulse-momentum relationship, the peak landing force _______________ as the time to absorb the force _______________ during a soft landing compared to a hard landing.
A. decreases, decreases
B. decreases; increases
C. increases; decreases
D. increases, increases
B. decreases; increases
Which muscle group would primarily try to oppose the moment created by the gravity at the hip joint in the picture below?
A. Hip flexors
B. Hip abductors
C. Hip extensors
D. Hip adductors
C. Hip extensor
Which of the following best describes a relationship of the line of gravity to the base of support?
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C. If the line of gravity falls outside of the base of support, functional mobility can occur
What is/are the difference(s) between internal and external forces?
A. Internal forces are the forces being exerted on the body that arise from outside the body
B. External forces are the forces being exerted by the muscles and other soft tissue that arise from within the body
C. There are no differences between internal and external forces
D. External forces are those forces that arise from outside the body while internal forces arise from inside the body
D. External forces are those forces that arise from outside the body while internal forces arise from inside the body
Which of the following best describes the conditions that must be present to have the potential for creating a moment (or torque)?
A. Linear force, axis
B. Linear force, CoM, muscle insertion site
C. Linear force, axis, perpendicular distance from line of action of linear force to axis
D. Distance from angular force, point of application of force, line of gravity (LoG), ground reaction force (GRF)
C. Linear force, axis, perpendicular distance from line of action of linear force to axis
Your patient Yakamochi does a lot of bending forwards and backwards as part of his warehouse job involving packing and shipping boxes. Identify the kind of load being placed upon the intervertebral disc (labelled as 'Disc') in the picture shown below.
A. Compression load
B. Tensile load
C. Bending load
D. Torsion load
C. Bending load
T or F.
The center of mass of an object always lies on or within the body's mass.
False
Simran Kaur, is a 76 year old Sikh woman, who has undergone unilateral knee replacement 8 months ago. Even though she has returned to her normal daily activities, she complains of regular discomfort in her surgical knee while especially while walking. In the clinic, you observe that her gait is in deed asymmetrical between the surgical and non-surgical limbs.
The figure below is from Street and Gage (2019) showing ground reaction force profile/curve during walking for an older adult of similar age and diagnosis as of Ms. Kaur.
Based on your interpretation of the curve, identify the possible source of greater asymmetry between the limbs that Ms. Kaur is showing during her gait.
A. Ms. Kaur is showing greater asymmetric peak force during weight acceptance phase
B. Ms. Kaur is showing greater asymmetric peak force during propulsive/push-off phase
C. Ms. Kaur is showing greater asymmetric peak force during swing phase
D. Ms. Kaur is showing greater asymmetric step length during gait cycle
B. Ms. Kaur is showing greater asymmetric peak force during propulsive/push-off phase
Citali (meaning Star) is a Native American Indian and a lung transplant candidate due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. As their PT, you want to evaluate their balance. You need to decide if you will use the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration on Balance (mCTSIB - which requires Citali to stand as still as possible with eyes open/closed) or the Limits of Stability test. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. You could do both the tests as they are challenging Citali’s balance similarly and hence it is good to confirm the results using both the tests
B. You could do both the tests as they are challenging Citali’s balance differently and hence it is good to get the results using both the tests
C. You could do only the Limits of Stability test as the mCTSIB test is not challenging balance in any way
D. You could do only the mCTSIB test as the Limits of Stability test is not challenging balance in any way
B. You could do both the tests as they are challenging Citali’s balance differently and hence it is good to get the results using both the tests
Pediatric Reach Test (a form of Functional Reach Test shown in the figure below) is an assessment that evaluates how far a child can reach without moving their feet. Based on the figure and your knowledge of stability and mobility, which of the following statements is correct?
(https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/7/1078)
Rationale: As the child leans, their line of gravity is moving away from the center of base of support and thus stability is reducing (and functional mobility is increasing) even though the base of support is NOT changing. |
A. The test challenges the child’s stability as they need to move their line of gravity to away from the center of base of support
B. The test challenges the child’s stability as they are narrowing their base of support
C. The test challenges the child’s stability as they need to move their line of gravity towards the center of base of support
D. The test is only assessing function and is not challenging the child’s stability as the base of support is not changing
A. The test challenges the child’s stability as they need to move their line of gravity to away from the center of base of support
Referring to the following figure, what kind of moment is the therapist producing at the ankle joint using the cuff?
A. external dorsiflexion moment
B. external plantar flexion moment
C. No moment is being produced
D. internal plantar flexion moment
E. internal dorsiflexion moment
C. No moment is being produced
Which of the following is the correct pairing of plane and axis for straight plane movements in general (not the exceptions)?
A. Sagittal plane to sagittal axis
B. Frontal plane to longitudinal axis
C. Transverse plane to horizontal axis
D. Sagittal plane to frontal axis
D. Sagittal plane to frontal axis
Which of the following best describes how kinematics and kinematic principles (planes, axes, arthrokinematics, etc.) are utilized within physical therapy?
A. Helps to assess functional abilities
B. Aids in describing functional and dysfunctional movements
C. Helps to provide common references for description of movement
D. All the above
D. All the above
By definition, in which plane would hip flexion occur during an agility drill in which one leg crosses over and in front of the other leg?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. Horizontal
A. Sagittal
According to the convex-concave principle, which of the following glides corresponds with hip extension and external rotation with the femoral head ball moving on the pelvis? (The answers below are presented by the direction of the glide the articular surface would undergo and by how you would exert a the force needed to test for passive accessory motions)
A. Posterior (force exerted from anterior to posterior)
B. Anterior (force exerted from posterior to anterior)
C. Inferior (force exerted from superior to inferior)
D. Superior (force exerted from inferior to superior)
B. Anterior (force exerted from posterior to anterior)
You are measuring knee flexion range of motion. You are keeping the axis of your goniometer in the same spot in the joint space of the knee. You measure 100 degrees of knee flexion. However, you notice that the two arms of the goniometer are no longer aligned with their proper references even though you were very careful to keep the axis in the same spot. What may have happened?
A. The axis of the knee changes as the knee range of motion changes. By not reflecting this axis change, you did not correctly reflect knee joint angular movement.
B. You did nothing wrong. That is what happens with the knee because the knee joint surfaces only possess spin when moving.
C. Knee flexion is a translatory motion only. Therefore, goniometer measurement is an invalid measure for this instance.
D. Measurement of motion in the transverse plane is very difficult. You just made a ‘rookie’ mistake.
A. The axis of the knee changes as the knee range of motion changes. By not reflecting this axis change, you did not correctly reflect knee joint angular movement.
You observe someone standing in anatomical position. You further observe that the individual elevates their arm away from the midline of the body without moving the arm forward or backward. Which of the following best describes the motion performed?
A. The osteokinematic motion of elevation in a transverse (horizontal) plane about a longitudinal axis
B. The osteokinematic motion of abduction in the frontal (coronal) plane about a sagittal axis
C. The arthrokinematic motion of flexion in a sagittal plane about a frontal (coronal) axis
D. The arthrokinematic motion of abduction about a frontal (coronal) axis in the sagittal plane
B. The osteokinematic motion of abduction in the frontal (coronal) plane about a sagittal axis
You conduct a 10-meter walk test for your patient to assess their gait speed. As part of the test you want to measure their gait speed in a steady-state condition. Which two points would you choose to do your gait speed measurement?
A. From beginning to 6-meter mark
B. From 2-meter mark to 8-meter mark
C. From 4-meter mark to the end (10-meter mark)
D. From 1-meter mark to 7-meter mark
B. From 2-meter mark to 8-meter mark
One of your H.O.P.E. clinic patients completes the 5K (5 km) roll in 2 hours. Which of the following statements best describes the average speed achieved?
A. Insufficient data to calculate the average speed
B. His average speed of wheelchair propulsion was 2.5 km/hr
C. His average speed is 0 km/hr (since his displacement is zero)
D. His average speed is 10 km/hr
B. His average speed of wheelchair propulsion was 2.5 km/hr
Your Lacrosse player’s chart states that there is a possible concussion due to deceleration trauma sustained in the field during the game. Examining the kinematics of the players, what happened?
A. The player was moving at a constant velocity during the trauma event
B. The player went from 10 m/s2 to 0 m/s2 in a very short period of time
C. The player went from 0 m/s2 to 10 m/s2 in a very short period of time
D. The player underwent a positive acceleration
B. The player went from 10 m/s2 to 0 m/s2 in a very short period of time
Daishin (Buddhist name meaning great truth) is a 50 year old male. As his PT, you want to examine why he has been having low back pain. One of the tests you would do as part of your examination is having him do the lateral spine flexion test as shown in the picture below. In which plane is the movement of the trunk happening?
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. No single plane. Movement is happening in multiple planes
B. Frontal
Note 
Flashcard (37)