cengage muscular system

clon / o

violent action

bi

twice, double, two

dys

bad, difficult, painful

fascio

fasia, fibrous band

*fibrous connective tissue that wraps, separates, and supports muscles, organs, nerves, and bones,

ic

pertaining to

fibr/o

fibrous tissue, fiber

ia

abnormal condition, disease, plural of ium

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

my /o

muscle

plegia

paralysis , stroke

tax / o

coordination, order

ton / o

tone, stretching, tension

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

-rrhexis

rupture

tri

three

abduction

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

atonic

lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

adhesion

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally causing them to stick together when they should normally be separate and slippery,

adduction

The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

ataxia

loss of muscle coordination

atrophy

weakness or tearing away of body tissues and structure

:Bradykinesia

extreme slowness in movement.

carpal tunnel syndrome

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel.

dorsiflexion

The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

chronic fatigue syndrome

a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia.

Compartment syndrome

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles.

contracture

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Dyskinesia

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement.

Epicondylitis

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

:exercise physiologist

A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

ergonomics

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

:Dystonia

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles.

Electromyography

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

fasciitis

inflammation of a fascia.

heel spur

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel.

hernia

the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it.

hemiplegia

total paralysis of one side of the body

fibromyalgia

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

Hemiparesis

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

ganglion cyst

a benign, fluid-filled lump that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

hyperkinesia

abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

Impingement syndrome

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

hypotonia

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

innervation

The stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.

insertion

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

 :intermittent claudication

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

muscular dystrophy

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system.

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness of voluntary muscles.

Myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

myoclonus

the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Myofascial release

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

myorrhaphy

surgical suturing of a muscle.

origin

Where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

oblique

a fracture that occurs at an angle across the bone.

paraplegia

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Neuromuscular

medication that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.